Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Volume 35 (3); September 2024

Original Articles

Factors Associated with Nurse Self-Leadership: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nurses Working at Public Health Centers and Primary Healthcare Posts: Saeryun Kim, Younkyoung Kim; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(3):195-206. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00493

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing self-leadership among public health nurses as they implement health promotion projects in public health centers and primary healthcare posts.
Methods
The study sampled 120 public health nurses from 22 public health centers and their associated primary healthcare posts in J province. Data were collected from October 11 through October 25, 2022.
Results
Employment at a primary healthcare post instead of a public health center (β=.23, p=.012), was significantly associated with self-leadership in model 1 (adjusted R2=.17, F=4.56, p<.001). Furthermore, communicative competence (β=.48, p<.001) and nursing professionalism (β=.26, p=.001) were significantly associated with self-leadership in model 2 (adjusted R2=.51, F=14.77, p<.001).
Conclusion
Open and self-directed work environments, along with opportunities for education and training, are necessary to enhance communicative competence and nursing professionalism. These improvements may, in turn, strengthen self-leadership among nurses, facilitating the implementation of health promotion projects within public health institutions.

Factors Associated with Homosexual Adolescents in South Korea: Jong Gun Kim; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(3):207-215. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2023.00332

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to homosexual adolescents in South Korea.
Methods
Using statistics from the 12th (2016) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted. The study sample comprised 65,528 middle and high school students aged 12 to 18 years.
Results
The significant predictors of homosexual intercourse were gender, attempted suicide, bullying at school experience, ever drinking, ever smoking, habitual or purposeful drug use, cohabitation with family, weekly allowance, and mother’s education levels.
Conclusions
The results suggest that gender-related interventions should be considered in school health education programs and that sexual health interventions for high-risk groups may be needed, given the factors predicting homosexual intercourse.

The moderated mediating effect of parental smartphone addiction in the relationship between smartphone addiction, sleep duration, and depression among adolescents: Eunha Jeong; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(3):216-225. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00549

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to examine whether sleep duration mediated the relationship between adolescent smartphone addiction and depression. Moreover, we investigated whether the mediating effects of sleep duration were moderated by parental smartphone addiction.
Methods
Wave 4(2021) data collected in 2021 from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) 2018 was used. The data collected from 4,392 matched pairs of parents and their children was analyzed, using the SPSS PROCESS macro.
Results
Sleep duration partially mediated the relationship between adolescent smartphone addiction and depression. Also, parental smartphone addiction moderated the indirect effect of this mediation model.
Conclusion
This suggests that it is necessary to include content on the use of smartphones by adolescents as well as their parents when designing education and intervention programs to prevent depression in adolescents.

Developing a community-based, multicultural-friendly prenatal education pilot program: EunSeok Cha, Sojung Lee, Gui-Nam Kim, Byung Hun Kang, Minsun Jeon; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(3):226-239. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00507

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the acceptability, availability and sustainability of a pilot prenatal program developed by an interdisciplinary team.
Methods
Out of 19 multicultural women participated in the 6-session prenatal program, 6 women took part in an exit- focus group interview as a part of formative evaluation. The verbatim transcriptions of semi-structured interview data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.
Results
In general, the participants expressed high satisfaction with program content, educators and education methods. A hybrid model including health professionals and community health workers and using online and offline education modes was suggested as a way to disseminate the program at a national level. Interventions using aesthetic approaches such as music and an integrated method such as the introduction of available social services in pregnancy and during the postpartum period may play a role as the facilitator of the program participation of multicultural women. These approaches may also help them develop healthy coping skills, problem solving skills and empowerment in multicultural childbearing women who need to adjust to life in a new country simultaneously taking a new role as a mother.
Conclusion
An interdisciplinary prenatal program using a holistic approach contributes to enhancing multicultural women’s empowerment to become a mother in a new country.

Analysis of Educational Needs of Home Care Nurses: Utilizing Borich’s Needs Assessment and the Locus for Focus Model: Dasom Kim, Hyeongsu Kim, Young Ko; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(3):240-253. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00605

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study analyzed educational needs of home care nurses to improve the quality of home care service and identify priority educational subjects.
Methods
This study analyzed the training priorities of 54 home care nurses working at community service centers or public health centers in Seoul, Korea, using the Borich Needs Assessment and the Locus of Focus model. The home care nurses’ tasks were categorized into 21 tasks and 85 task elements.
Results
Six priority educational subjects were identified: 1) health assessment and monitoring, 2) nursing records and information management, 3) health education and counseling techniques, 4) home care supplies management, 5) recipient identification and communication skills, and 6) care recipient classification and management. Activities related to one-on-one health management, such as health screening, measurements, and disease management counseling, were found to be high priorities. In contrast, small group program planning and operation were rated as a low priority.
Conclusion
This study underscores the importance of incorporating identified educational needs into training curricula for home care nurses. Regular assessment and integration of these needs into educational programs are crucial for enhancing nursing competence and service quality.

Factors associated with life satisfaction among family caregivers of persons living with dementia: Seonho Choi, Yeji Hwang, Eui Young Cho; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(3):254-263. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00612

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
Because family caregivers provide a considerable amount of daily care to persons living with dementia, they are at risk of experiencing poor life satisfaction. Therefore, this study aimed to examine factors associated with the life satisfaction of family caregivers of persons living with dementia.
Methods
Data were collected through surveys from family caregivers (N=183), and a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors associated with their life satisfaction.
Results
The final model indicated that perceiving support from intimate others as helpful (β=.22, p<.001) was associated with greater life satisfaction, whereas a negative relationship with the care recipients (β=−.15, p=.046) and greater psychological burden (β=−.40, p<.001) were associated with poorer life satisfaction (Adjusted R2=0.49, F=20.42, p<.001).
Conclusion
Public policy should focus on providing greater support to family caregivers. Furthermore, healthcare professionals should implement intervention programs for family caregivers that focus on lowering their psychological burden.

Knowledge of Healthcare Workers Towards NIPAH Virus: A Cross-Sectional Study: Hadi Al Sulayyim, Manea Alsaleem, Ali Sherjab, Saleh Aldoghman, Husain Alyami, Abdulaziz Al Yami, Mohammad Almeshal, Mohammad Altheban, Dahen Alsinan, Obaid Altheban, Fares Al-Mansour; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(3):264-271. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00619

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
To evaluate the healthcare workers’ (HCWs) knowledge towards Nipah virus and identify the associated variables with good knowledge.
Methods
A cross-sectional design was conducted in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to evaluate the knowledge of HCWs towards Nipah virus. A validated questionnaire was employed to collect the data of HCWs. It consisted of two parts: Socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and questions related to the knowledge towards Nipah virus. Percentages and median (Q1, Q3) were used to present the data and were compared by Mann–Whitney and Kruskal Wallis. The associated variables with good knowledge were identified by logistic regression.
Results
The study included 247 participants. The median (Q1, Q3) knowledge score was 45% (10%, 60%), reflecting poor knowledge. About 62% of the HCWs stated that the symptoms of Nipah virus infection could be acute respiratory distress, convulsions, and coma. Only 36.8% reported no available vaccine to prevent Nipah virus infection, and more than 50% identified the virus’s main reservoir (fruit bat) as the possibility of transmission from animal to human. Roughly 57% of them reported that the virus can be transmitted among people through droplets. Less than 40% stated the Nipah virus can cause AIDS. The significantly associated variable with good knowledge was only nationality.
Conclusion
The present study showed a poor knowledge of HCWs. Good knowledge was associated with nationality. Therefore, the implementation of education and training programmes are highly recommended throughout conducting prospective and interventional studies.

Development of Theory of Uncertainty on COVID-19: Theory Derivation Based on Uncertainty in Illness Theory: Cho Ryok Kang, Sook Ja Yang; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(3):272-283. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00577

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop the Theory of Uncertainty on COVID-19 using the strategy of theory derivation.
Methods
Theory derivation was carried out in the following steps: review the literature to explore the phenomena related to uncertainty on COVID-19; select a parent theory that provides valuable concepts and a useful structure for derivation, and identify the concepts and structure of the parent theory to use in derivation; modify and redefine the concepts and structure of the parent theory to create a derived theory. In the literature review process, relevant findings were synthesized to support the propositions of the derived theory.
Results
The Theory of Uncertainty on COVID-19 was derived from the Uncertainty in Illness Theory to make it relevant and applicable to a specific aspect of uncertainty on COVID-19, health-related uncertainty perceived by a person who has not contracted COVID-19. It is a middle-range theory targeting the general population and consists of a linear and unidirectional model centered on three themes: antecedents of uncertainty, appraisal of uncertainty, and coping with uncertainty.
Conclusion
The Theory of Uncertainty on COVID-19 will be able to contribute to efforts to manage perceived uncertainty on pandemic diseases and improve individual biopsychosocial health in the future.

Exploring the Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Sexually Explicit Internet Material (SEIM) Consumption among Adolescents and Young Adults in Cambodia: Hyunjeong Cheon, Youngran Yang; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(3):284-296. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00633

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study investigates the prevalence and factors associated with the consumption of sexually explicit Internet material (SEIM) among adolescents and young adults in Cambodia.
Methods
Utilizing a cross-sectional study design, data were collected through a survey administered to 1,271 participants. The survey focused on measuring SEIM consumption, sexual sensation seeking, perceived reality of SEIM, and sexual attitudes. Findings: The study revealed a SEIM prevalence of 27.2%, with notably higher rates among males (35.5%) than females (18.6%). Significant predictors of SEIM consumption included being male, having a father with a middle-level education, engaging in alcohol or substance consumption, spending more than five hours daily on electronic devices, having friends with sexual experience, frequent thoughts about sex, a heightened interest in sex compared to peers, perceiving SEIM as realistic, and maintaining a permissive attitude towards sex.
Conclusions
These findings underscore the importance of implementing education programs to address SEIM consumption and its potential risk factors. Such initiatives are crucial for preventing the use of SEIM among Cambodian youth, promoting a healthier understanding of sexuality, and fostering responsible online behavior.

Review Article

A Systematic Review of Questionnaire Measuring eHealth Literacy: Jung-Won Ahn, Mi Young Kim; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(3):297-312. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00752

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This review aims to summarize the characteristics of currently used questionnaires measuring eHealth literacy and assess the quality of their psychometric properties in self-reported assessments within community settings.
Methods
The systematic analysis was conducted using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist to evaluate the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties.
Results
A total of 21 studies, including 19 questionnaires, were reviewed. The findings indicated that the quality of psychometric assessments for eHealth literacy was generally rated as 'good,' with most studies addressing multiple aspects of reliability and validity. Internal reliability, content validity, hypothesis testing, and responsiveness were particularly well-supported, each receiving over 10 sufficient ratings. However, there was limited evidence regarding measurement errors, test-retest reliability, criterion validity, and analyses of floor and ceiling effects.
Conclusion
This study contributes to the enhancement of eHealth literacy measurement tool selection and improves the reporting of their validity and reliability, thereby increasing the credibility of future research.

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