Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Review Article

[English] Factors associated with Hypertensive Retinopathy among People with Hypertension: A Systematic Review: Ihn Sook Jeong, Chan Mi Kang, Eun Joo Lee, Seol Bin Kim, Young Kyung Seo, Young Shin Son, Kun Hyung Kim; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2025;36(1):130-149. Published online March 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00857

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The associated factors for hypertensive retinopathy (HTR) are rarely investigated. This study aimed to identify the associated factors for HTR using a systematic review.
Methods
The review included cross-sectional, case-controlled, and cohort studies on HTR risk factors published in Korean and English with full texts available from PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Korean databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist.
Results
Eleven studies were finally selected, and three studies including patients with hypertension without diabetes mellitus, older age, male sex, alcohol consumption, the duration of hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, high creatinine levels, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular changes were identified as factors associated with HTR. Conversely, in the remaining eight studies, younger age, non-smoking status, and renal function indicators (albuminuria, high creatinine levels, chronic kidney disease, and uric acid) were identified as associated factors.
Conclusions
Regardless of the inclusion of patients with diabetes mellitus, impaired kidney functions were determined as significant factors associated with retinopathy in patients with HTR. However, considering a limited number of evidence and lack of evidence to confirm causality, we recommend further research on renal function and HTR.

Original Article

[English] Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetes People using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII: Ihn Sook Jeong, Chan Mi Kang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(4):408-417. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.4.408

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII (2017~2018). Methods: DM was defined as in two ways; 1) doctor's diagnosis (Group 1, n=549), 2) one of doctor's diagnosis, medication, or hyperglycemia (Group 2, n=849). The DR prevalence was measured as the prevalence proportion (%). Risk factors for developing DR were analyzed using multiple logistic regression, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: The prevalence of DR was 25.87% in Group 1 and 20.14% in Group 2. Risk factors for DR were identified as insulin therapy (Group 1: OR=5.31, Group 2: OR=5.27), DM duration ≥10 years (Group 1: OR=2.20, Group 2: OR=3.10), and systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg (Group 1: OR=2.26, Group 2: OR=2.23) for both groups. Conclusion: Considering the DR prevalence, eye examinations education is highly recommended as part of a diabetes management programs in the community. It is also proposed to shorten the eye examination cycle for people with risk factors and establish a referral system to link between screening to treatment.

Review

[English] Direction of the Community Health Nursing Practice Education Focusing on the Nursing Education Accreditation Criteria: Kyung Ja June, Young Ran Chin, Hee Girl Kim, Chun Mi Kim, Yeon Yi Song, Souk Young Kim, Han Ju Lee, Ihn Sook Jeong, Ki Soon Seo, Kyung Won Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2016;27(2):183-192. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.2.183

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to seek the direction of community health nursing practice education focus on the nursing education accreditation criteria.
METHODS
We collected data through e-mail survey to all of 202 Korean nursing baccalaureate education institute in April, 2016. The 93 professors teaching community health nursing was responded about their affiliated institute (response rate 46.0%).
RESULTS
The Korean nursing graduates in Feb. 2016 was practiced 3.01 credits, 131.6 hours in community health nursing course. Community health nursing practice agency was public health center (98.9%), Public health center post (43.0%), Public health center branch (32.3%) in order. The possibility to achieve the course objectives up to national examination was recognised Public health center (3.4), Public health center post (3.3), Public health center branch and school (3.2) from 5 score likert scale. A lot of nursing education institute have difficulty in clinical placement in community health nursing practice agency that meet eligibility of preceptor and space gaining for only nursing students.
CONCLUSION
The nursing education accreditation criteria in 3rd cycle have to be considered real community health nursing practice situation and newly emerging community health nursing fields.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Preliminary Study for the Curriculum Development of Community Care Coordinators: Educational Needs Analysis
Han Nah Park, Ju Young Yoon, Soong-Nang Jang, Hye Jin Nam
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2022; 33(2): 153. CrossRef
Educational needs for the development of a simulation module of home visiting care for the frail elderly
Junhee Ahn, Youngran Yang
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2021; 27(1): 68. CrossRef
A Study on Global Nursing Practice Education Experience
Eun Sil Cho, Myoung Hee Seo, Soo Ok You, Ok Hee Ahn, Myeoung Hi Song
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(4): 485. CrossRef
Development and Effects of Head-Mounted Display-Based Home-Visits Virtual Reality Simulation Program for Nursing Students
Min Kweon Ahn, Chong Mi Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(4): 465. CrossRef
Analysis of Current Status of the Community Health Nursing Practice Education
Yoo Hyang Cho, Eun Young Do, Kyung Sook Kang, Young Me Kim, Younkyoung Kim, Farrah Rou, Chong Mi Lee, In Hee Choi, Hee Chung Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2017; 28(3): 347. CrossRef
A Comparative Study between American Public Health Nurse Core Competency and Community Health Nursing Practicum in a Province
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Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2017; 28(3): 334. CrossRef

Original Articles

[English] Validation of Instruments to Classify the Frailty of the Elderly in Community: In Sook Lee, Young Im Park, Eun Ok Park, Soon Hee Lee, Ihn Sook Jeong; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2011;22(3):302-314. Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.3.302

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16 Citations

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study aimed to validate instruments to classify the frailty of Korean elderly people in community.
METHODS
For this study, 632 elders were selected from community-based elderly houses and home visiting registries, and data on frailty were collected using three instruments during November, 2008. The Korean Frail Scale (KFS) was composed of 10 domains with the maximum score of 20. The Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) had 10 domains with the maximum score of 17. The 25_Japan Frail Scale (25_JFS) was composed of 6 domains with the maximum score of 25. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's alpha. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of ROC were measured to see validity with long-term care insurance grade as a gold standard.
RESULTS
The Cronbach's alpha was .72 for KFS, .55 for EFS, and .80 for 25_JFS. Sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 70.0%, 83.2%, and .83, respectively, at cutting point 10.5 for the KFS, 50.0%, 80.9%, and .66, respectively, at 8.5 for EFS, and 80.0%, 85.9%, and .86, respectively, at 12.5 for 25_JFS.
CONCLUSION
KFS and three JFS showed favorable internal consistency and predictive validity. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to confirm predictive validity.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effects of Social Interaction and Depression on Homeboundness in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Living Alone
You-Ri Kim, Hye-Sun Jung
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(6): 3608. CrossRef
Risk Factors for Frailty in Critical Care Survivors: A secondary analysis
Jiyeon Kang, Yeon Jin Jeong, Jun Hee Jang, Minju Lee
Intensive and Critical Care Nursing.2021; 64: 102981. CrossRef
Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure post-intensive care syndrome
Yeon Jin Jeong, Jiyeon Kang
Intensive and Critical Care Nursing.2019; 55: 102756. CrossRef
Factors associated with frailty among community-dwelling older adults by age group: A multi-dimensional approach
Lee Seyune, Kim Hongsoo, Jung Young-il, Hong Yun-chul
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2018; 35(2): 89. CrossRef
Co-occurrence Network Analysis of Keywords in Geriatric Frailty
Youngji Kim, Soong-nang Jang, Jung Lim Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(4): 429. CrossRef
The Evaluation of Feasibility and Predictive Validity of Comprehensive Korean Frailty Instrument: Using the 2008 and 2011 Living Profiles of Older People Survey in Korea
Eunmi Oh, Gwi-Ryung Son Hong
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Il‐Young Jang, Hee‐Won Jung, Chang Ki Lee, Kwang Ho Jang, Eun‐Il Cho, Ju Jin Jung, Euna Park, Juyoung Kim, Young Soo Lee, Eunju Lee, Dae Hyun Kim
Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2017; 17(11): 2046. CrossRef
The Effect of a Comprehensive Intervention Program on the Functional Status and Bone Density of the Socially-Vulnerable and Frail Elderly
In Sook Lee, Kwang Ok Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2016; 27(1): 51. CrossRef
Effects of Calcium/Vitamin D Intake and Taekkyeon Exercise on the Elderly's Frailty
Kwang Ok Lee
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2016; 18(3): 185. CrossRef
Predictors and Frailty Level in the Frail Elderly Receiving Home Visiting Health Care Services
Jeong Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2016; 41(3): 129. CrossRef
Frailty and its related Factors in Vulnerable Elderly Population by Age Groups
Eunok Park, Mi Yu
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(6): 848. CrossRef
Self-rated Health of Frail Elders
Jihyun Kim, Hwa-Mi Yang, Purum Kang, Jung Eun Choi
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2015; 17(2): 98. CrossRef
Evidence-based Prevention of Frailty in Older Adults
Yunhwan Lee
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Validity of Instrument Development Research in Korean Nursing Research
Kyunghee Lee, Sujin Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(6): 697. CrossRef
Effects of Health Characteristics on Depression of Elderly Beneficiaries of the National Basic Livelihood Scheme
Jungyi Hur, Yunjeong Yi, Keum-Jae Lee, Hee Gerl Kim
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2013; 27(2): 327. CrossRef
Frailty Level and Health-related Characteristics among Participants of a Tailored Home Visiting Service
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[English] The Relationship between Retention of the Maternal Child Health Handbook, Awareness of DPT Additional Immunization and DPT Additional Immunization: Ihn Sook Jeong; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):76-83. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between retention of the maternal-child health handbook, awareness of DPT additional immunization and DPT additional immunization, and to provide basic information to enhance the DPT additional immunization rate.
METHOD
The study subjects were 312 women whose children were between four and six years old, and residing in six provinces of Gyungsangnam do. Data was collected with a 10 item questionnaire by interviews from July lst to 30th, 2003, and analyzed with descriptive statistics and X2 test at a significance level of 0.05. by two tailed test.
RESULTS
The awareness of DPT additional immunization was significantly higher in the women who retained the maternal-child health handbook, than their counterparts. The rate of DPT additional immunization was significantly higher in the women who were aware of the DPT additional immunization or who retained the maternal-child health handbook, than their counterpart.
CONCLUSION
The DPT additional immunization rate was related to retention of the maternal-child health handbook, and awareness of DPT additional immunization. Therefore it is recommended that measures be developed and taken to increase the retention rate of the maternal-child health handbook and awareness of DPT additional immunization, to enhance the rate of DPT additional immunization.

[English] An Investigation on the Status of Care-giving for the Demented Elderly and Desire for In-house Care Services: Jung Soon Kim, Sui Il Lee, Ki Tae Kim, Ihn Sook Jeong, Nam Hee Park, Kyung Nam Lee, Mung Soo Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(3):385-396. Published online September 30, 2003

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to examine the status of care-giving for the demented elderly and to find out the need of community in-house care services- day care services, short-term care services, home help services, and home care services.
METHOD
It analyzed the data of 186 old people having dementia, and caregivers. Data were collected for five days, in September 2002.
RESULTS
The caregivers were mostly women and the burden for the care giving was high (87.5%). They used community care services, that is, day care services (26.5%), home care services (21.6%), home help services (10.8%), short-term care services (6.2%). Caregivers' age and education level were significant factors in the demand for day care services. Caregivers' education level was a statistically significant factor in the demand for short-term care services and home help services. Caregivers' age and education level were significant factors in the demand for home care services.
CONCLUSIONS
It is necessary to expand the financial aid for the active implementation of daytime protection for dementia-patients under medical treatment at home and to promote patients' recovery. It is necessary to enhance home help services and home care services, and to establish many day care centers and short term care centers. Through this, it will prevent caregivers from becoming burnt out due to the burden of care giving.

[English] A Comparative Study on the Self-Efficacy and Health Promoting Behavior between Obese and Normal Weight Middle School Students: Na Yeon Kim, Ihn Sook Jeong, Jung Soon Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2001;12(3):828-837. Published online December 31, 2001

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was aimed to identify the difference of the self-efficacy and the health promoting behaviors between obese and normal-weight middle school students.
METHOD
Data were collected from a convenient sample of 360 middle school students (180 normal-weight students and 180 obese students) in Pusan from November 22nd to December 20th, 2000, based on self-report questionnaires. The following instruments were used in the study after being reconstructed by the researcher with the consultation of experts and the literature review: General Self Efficacy Scale(Sherer et al., 1982), and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker, Sechrist & Pender, 1987). The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient.
RESULTS
1. There were significant differences in father's obesity (p=.014), mother's obesity (p=.007), sibling's obesity (p=.001), and school record (p=.001) between obese and normal-weight students. 2. There were statistically significant differences in the score of self-efficacy between the obese and normal-weight students (p=.000). 3. There were statistically significant differences in health promoting behavior (p=.000) and in six sub-items: personal relationship (p=.000), exercise (p=.001), responsibility for health (p=.003), stress management (p=.015), self-actualization (p=.043) between the obese and normal weight students. 4. There were very statistically significant negative correlations between obesity and the self-efficacy (r=-.19, p<.001), health promoting behavior (r=-.18, p<.001), specifically personal relationship(r=-.20, p<.001), stress management (r=-.12, p<.05), responsibility for health (r=-.15, p<.01), and self-actualization (r=-.14, p<.01).
CONCLUSION
According to the above results it is concluded that self-efficacy and health promoting behavior influence the obesity of middle school students. Therefore I recommend adding programs that can lead to improve self-efficacy and health promoting behavior to the obesity prevention programs for middle school students.

[English] A Study on the Recognition and Attitude on the Home Health Care Program by Inpatients in Pusan: Jung Soon Kim, Young Hee Ko, Dae Suk Kim, Jeung Hwa Kim, Jae Shin Shin, Gil Za Lee, Ihn Sook Jeong, Sun Kyung Hwang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2001;12(3):620-626. Published online December 31, 2001

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was aimed at investigating the recognition and attitude of inpatients for the purpose of facilitating the implementation of the home health care program in relation to the opening of the Home Care Department in P University Hospital in Pusan.
METHOD
Data were collected from the questionnaires returned by 293 patients, who were admitted at P University Hospital, from May 1 to May 15, 2001 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Fisher exact test.
RESULTS
In regard to the previous information about the home health care program, 55.6% of the inpatients heard about the name through the advertisement in the hospital, the mass communication, and from acquaintances. The percentage of right answers regarding the knowledge of home health care program was 43.9%. In regard to the acceptance of the home health care program, 97.1% of patients agreed with the implementation of the home care program. The reasons for acceptance were: the maintenance of the continuity of care, the alleviation of the family burden of time.
CONCLUSION
For the stabilization and successful implementation of a home health care system, it should be accompanied not only by advertisement but also education for patients about the home health care program, and a post-evaluative study after the implementation.

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