Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Original Articles

[English] Experiences of Small Independent Restaurant Owners During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Grounded Theory Study: JaeWan Park, Hee Sook Kim; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2025;36(1):85-98. Published online March 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00913

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the lives of small independent restaurant owners during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
The participants were 15 small independent restaurant owners operating independent small restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected individually through in-depth interviews from September 30, 2022, to January 20, 2023. The transcribed interview content analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory approach.
Results
Analysis of the psychological resistance experience of small independent restaurant owners with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in 6 themes, 15 sub-themes, and 40 codes. The core category is revealed as the struggle for survival under the blind spot of uncertainty and helplessness. As a result of axial coding based on the paradigm model, the casual condition was operational difficulties in restaurants affected by the impact of COVID-19, and the contextual condition was bewilderment due to unprecedented circumstances. The central phenomenon was a life shattered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervening condition was enduring adversity with hope. The action/interaction strategies to control the phenomenon revealed ongoing struggles in the face of the hardships. In consequence, fostering resilience amid grappling with feelings of helplessness was revealed.
Conclusion
This study lays the groundwork for designing successful COVID-19 rehabilitation programs. This study shows that the improved climate of the small restaurant industry plays an important role in alleviating the burden of small independent restaurant owners.

[Korean] Work Adaptation Experience of Vietnamese Workers in Korean Workplaces: Constructivist Grounded Theory: HyeJung Jun, GaEon Lee; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(2):108-116. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2022.00150

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study is to find a nursing intervention plan by classifying the body pain areas of the Korean aged and analyzing related factors.
Methods
This study performed the latent class analysis, cross-analysis, and one-way ANOVA using the SPSS 25.0, M-plus 7.0 program on 4,388 older adults aged 65 or over using the data from the 2020 Aging Research Panel.
Results
As a result of the Latent Class Analysis, participants divided into four groups. Group 1 was the 'shoulder and low back pain group' with high shoulder and back pain, group 2 was the 'upper body pain group' with severe pain in the arms, wrists and fingers and chest, group 3 was the 'lower pain focused group' with high pain in the legs and knees, and finally, group 4 was the 'general low pain group' with low pain overall. The result of the study shows that the group that did not exercise regularly, the female group, and the low socioeconomic status group have more pain in general. The upper body central pain group showed a low level of life satisfaction.
Conclusion
This study discusses various nursing interventions for the prevention of chronic pain, especially for the aged female group who has diverse body pain areas, the aged with low socioeconomic status, and the aged who do not exercise.

[English] The Health Management Experience of Vietnamese Married Immigrant Women Living in the City: Ji Young Chun; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2021;32(4):506-517. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2021.32.4.506

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the health management experience of Vietnamese Married Immigrant Women living in the city.
Methods
The study participants were 11 Vietnamese immigrant women residing in the urban area who felt bad about their health. Data collection was conducted in depth through individual interviews, and the collected data were analyzed through Strauss & Corbin data analysis.
Results
The core category was “health is not a necessity but a choice in a strange land called Korea”. The contextual conditions were, “The hard thing-exposing “myself” to the world”, and “Hurts hidden, to be away from people’s eyes”. For the causal condition, the categories of “Unfamiliar life to live alone”, “Unfamiliar life different from expectation”, and “Symptoms of body suddenly suffering alone”, were derived. Through action-interaction, the immigrant women revealed that in their Korean social-structural context, they tended to follow “Health pushed away in turbulent life”. The intervening conditions were “a person who is able to help me”, “places that can give a helping hand nearby”, and “Vietnamese women’s grit”. A Vietnamese married immigrant woman had her own “Health in the chain with life”. As a result, they gained “Health, which is a top priority in life” or “Health oppressed by the weight of life”.
Conclusion
This study enhanced the understanding of the healthcare process of Vietnamese married immigrant women living in urban areas.

Citations

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Health and medical experience of migrant workers: qualitative meta-synthesis
Hyun-Jin Cho, Kyoungrim Kang, Kyo-Yeon Park
Archives of Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

[English] A Grounded Theory Approach on Correctional Officers’ Adaptation Process of Job Stress: Hyun Ok Jung, Hee Sook Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2021;32(1):73-85. Published online March 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2021.32.1.73

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4 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the adaptation process of correctional officers’ job stress.
Methods
Participants collected were fourteen officers who had experienced the adaptation process of job stress. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews until the point of theoretical saturation from May to August, 2017. Transcribed interview contents were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’ grounded theory method.
Results
A total of 98 concepts, 27 subcategories, and 10 categories were identified through the open coding. As a result of axial coding based on the paradigm model, the job stress adaptation process centering phenomenon of correctional officers was revealed as ‘repeat-mark hardening’, and the core category was extracted as ‘endurance in hardening’ consisting of a three-step process: enduring, understanding prisoner management procedures, and rebuilding. The rebuilding was considered as the key phase to escape the repeat-mark hardening and the participants utilized various strategies such as finding fun elsewhere, restoring confidence, accepting values of the prison officer in this phase.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the adaptation process of correctional officers’ job stress can be a process that endurance the hardening. Therefore, it is necessary to develop systematic practical education and vocational motivation programs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Sailing the Stormy Tides of Police Stress: Exploring the Effects of Perceived Job Dangerousness and Work–Family Conflict on Occupational Stress among Korea Coast Guard Police Officers
Riccardo Ferraresso, Chang-Bae Lee
Asian Journal of Criminology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors influencing the happiness of male correctional officers: A cross-sectional study in South Korea
Hyun-Ok Jung, Seung-Woo Han, Anis Eliyana
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(8): e0308171. CrossRef
Psychological Experience of Correctional Officers’ Treatment of Mentally Ill Prisoners: Phenomenological Study
Hyun-Ok Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(4): 450. CrossRef
The Effect of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Korean Correctional Officers about COVID-19 on Job Stress
Hyun-Ok Jung, Seung-Woo Han
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(15): 7779. CrossRef

[English] The Coping Process of Family Caregivers for Demented Elderly: Chun Mi Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2005;16(3):249-259. Published online September 30, 2005

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to understand the coping process that family caregivers experience during the process of care, to grasp coping behaviors used to solve problems and, finally, to develop a substantive theory by analyzing the coping process.
METHOD
The methodology of collecting and analyzing data used in this study followed the ground theory of Strauss and Corbin(1998). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with open-ended and descriptive questions about the subjects' coping experiences, which were audio-taped and transcribed. The survey was conducted between February 2000 and February 2001. The subjects of this study were 17 women.
RESULT
The result of the study is as follows. The coping process of family caregivers while taking care of the demented elderly was found to have six stages: problem recognition: undertaking care: struggling: mental control: burden mediation; and acceptance. These stages proceed with reciprocal action and in cycle.
CONCLUSION
The result of this study is helpful for developing effective and individual nursing strategies suitable for each coping stage. It is necessary to develop an assessment tool that can judge caregivers' coping stage based on the result of this study. Moreover, we need continuous study to practice nursing mediation and to analyze the change about nursing effect and family members' adaptation.

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