Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Invited Paper

[Korean] Mixed Methods Systematic Review Approach to Combine Quantitative Evidence And Qualitative Evidence: Hyun-Ju Seo; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2025;36(4):353-360. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2025.01410

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This article aims to provide detailed information on mixed methods systematic reviews (MMSRs), including formulating review questions, related processes focused on a convergent integrated approach, and integrating qualitative and quantitative review evidence, and to suggest recommendations for reviewers undertaking MMSRs. Methods: This article provides a brief introduction to the researchers on the purpose of MMSRs, the methodological framework with related examples, and practical tips for conducting MMSRs. Results: MMSRs are a relatively emerging approach to evidence synthesis methods that provide a line of argument or overall configuration derived from primary quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods research. By integrating quantitative and qualitative synthesized findings, a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of interest can be obtained, particularly for complex interventions in health systems or public health contexts. Conclusion: Due to the complex process of conducting MMSRs, reviewers need to adhere to methodological guidance to enhance the validity and robustness of review findings.

Review Article

[English] Trends in Disaster Nursing Competency Research: A Keyword Network Analysis: Seunyoung Joe, Seoyoung Baek, Mijung Lee; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2025;36(4):447-460. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2025.01228

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to examine research trends and thematic keyword networks in disaster nursing competency literature published up to September 15, 2024. Methods: A retrospective descriptive design was used to analyze English-language articles retrieved from five databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science) through September 15, 2024. Following PRISMA guidelines, 256 articles and 1,318 keywords were extracted. NetMiner 4.0 was used for keyword preprocessing and analysis. Word clouds and text network analyses were performed. Degree and betweenness centralities were calculated to determine keyword prominence and network roles. Results: Annual publications increased notably after 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies originated from 32 countries, with the United States, China, and Iran leading. Cross-sectional quantitative (34.0%) and qualitative studies (26.6%) were the most commonly used study designs. From 44 high-frequency keywords, “nurses,” “preparedness,” “competency,” and “disaster nursing” ranked highest in both centrality measures. “Education” and “management” also showed strong centralities. Cluster analysis revealed that preparedness and response phases were emphasized more than mitigation and recovery. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive visualization of disaster nursing competency research. Findings highlight the dominance of preparedness-focused studies, limited exploration of mitigation and recovery. Future research should prioritize broader disaster phases, standardize terminology, and conduct evidence-based intervention studies to strengthen disaster nursing practice and education.

Original Articles

[Korean] The Midwifery Training Program at Ilshin Women’s Hospital and Its Meaning: From 1953 to 1978: Eunyoung Kim, Jihyun Lee; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2025;36(3):292-303. Published online September 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2025.01109

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of the midwifery training program initiated by Australian missionaries at Ilshin Women’s Hospital in 1953. Methods: Historical methodology using the annual reports (1953-1970) published by Ilshin Women's Hospital and related newspapers, magazines, and books as the primary source. Results: The Ilshin Women’s Hospital was established in 1952 by Australian missionaries Helen P. Mackenzie and Catherine M. Mackenzie. In response to the exigencies of the Korean War, the hospital initiated a program to train midwives in 1953. The objective of midwifery training program was to improve the health of women and children by providing nurses with sufficient education and training to be responsible for prenatal care and normal delivery service. As of December 1978, a total of 1,037 nurses had received midwifery training over a period of 26 years. These midwives have advanced into urban and rural areas across the country to take charge of maternal and child health care, contributing to reducing the gap in maternal and child health practice. Conclusion: The midwifery training program at Ilshin Women's Hospital has had an impact on enhancing maternal and child health at the community and national levels by graduating professional healthcare personnel through hands-on training that can be put into practice. It has also improved the level of maternal and child health in Korea through its systematic midwifery education and management system.

[Korean] Korea’s First Manual of Public Health Nursing: A Foundation for Public Health Nursing Practice in Korea: Junho Jung, Kyunghee Yi; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2025;36(3):245-256. Published online September 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2025.01102

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aims to understand the functions and roles of public health nursing, which played a key role in public health center activities during the formative years of the organizations in Korea. It does so by analyzing the structure and content of Manual of Public Health Nursing, the first of its kind published in Korea, as well as its authors’ records—particularly the U.S. nurse advisors. Methods: Manual of public health nursing was investigated from the cover to the appendix with other related records from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Results: The manual was published in response to the expansion of health centers and the increasing need for standardized practice for public health nurses. It includes theoretical and practical guidelines on maternal and child health, communicable disease control, school health, health education, etc. as well as the qualifications of public health nurses. The manual was influenced by U.S. nursing education and international public health manuals. Conclusion: The manual played a critical role in shaping early public health nursing practices in Korea by providing essential knowledge and standardizing public health services. It reflected Korea’s evolving public health system, heavily influenced by U.S. aid and technical assistance. Despite its significance, challenges such as a shortage of trained public health nurses and an underdeveloped administrative structure remained unresolved.

[English] DACUM Job Development for Nurses in Child Daycare Centers: Strengthening Expertise in Infant and Toddler Health Care: Kyung Hee Lee, Won-Oak Oh, Jihee Han, Myung Jin Jung, Yoo-Jin Heo, Eunji Lee; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2025;36(2):192-209. Published online June 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2025.00983

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to enhance healthcare for children in daycare centers by analyzing the job development and educational needs of daycare nurses and presenting foundational data on their duties and tasks. Methods: This descriptive study focused on defining daycare nurses' roles and developing their duties and tasks. The DACUM committee included 10 daycare nurses, with 61 nurses participating in a field survey to validate their duties and analyze educational needs. The analysis employed the coefficient of determination, paired t-test, IPA, Borich Needs Assessment Model, and Locus for Focus Model. Results: Job analysis identified 10 major duties and 50 tasks for daycare nurses, including monitoring children's health, screening for growth and development, health and safety education, child abuse prevention, infectious disease management, staff health management, environmental hygiene, and professional development. Tasks with the highest educational need were 'Health management for children with chronic diseases and disabilities' and 'Child abuse prevention education.' The role of nurses in child daycare centers is defined as the planning and implementation of health and safety measures to promote children's growth, development, and overall well-being. Conclusion: The definition of daycare nurses identified in this study provides the qualifications, goals, and guidelines for job performance that daycare nurses in South Korea should possess. The analysis of the educational needs of the identified duties and tasks not only provides the foundation for the target training program for daycare nurses but also offers the priorities for the job training program that must be established as the most important and urgent.

[English] The Effect of Digital Health Literacy, Self-Efficacy on Self-Care Behaviors among Community-Dwelling Elderly: Focusing on Gyeongsangbuk-do: Hyojin Son, Youngran Han; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2025;36(1):59-72. Published online March 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00801

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to explore the relationship between digital health literacy, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors, and to identify the effects of digital health literacy and self-efficacy on self-care behaviors among the community-dwelling elderly.
Methods
This descriptive study used self-reported questionnaires and was conducted from January to April 2024. This study included 197 participants aged 65 or older, residing in nine cities and counties within Gyeongsangbuk-do. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0, employing descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffé tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis.
Results
The average scores were as follows: digital health literacy, 21.97±8.38 (out of 40 points); self-efficacy, 3.27±0.72 (out of 5 points); and self-care behaviors, 70.22±10.55 (out of 96 points). Self-efficacy (β=.32, p<.001) was identified as the primary factor influencing self-care behaviors. Additionally, job (β=-.20, p=.002) and gender (β=-.18, p=.007) were also significant factors. These factors explained 22.8% of the variance of self-care behaviors.
Conclusion
Based on the above study results, we found that to promote self-care behaviors of community-dwelling elderly people, developing and implementing training programs that enhance self- efficacy are imperative. Furthermore, efforts should be made to overcome regional disparities by developing and implementing various policies and programs at the government, local government, and community levels to enhance the digital health literacy of the elderly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The effect of mothers' digital health literacy on fever management: The mediating role of perceived maternal self-efficacy
Fatoş Uncu, Hasan Evcimen, Elanur Bulut
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2026; 87: 58. CrossRef
Anxiety and its associations with digital health literacy, self-efficacy and self-care habits among Indian university students
Brency A. Parekh, Ritu Sharma
Health Education.2026; : 1. CrossRef
The Influence of e-Health Literacy, Technostress, and Subjective Health Status on Health Promotion Behaviors among Older Adults
Whang Sun A
Journal of Korea Society for Simulation in Nursing.2025; 13(1): 71. CrossRef
Variables influencing digital health literacy in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jin Hwa Park, Eun Ju Mun
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(4): 651. CrossRef

[English] Effects of Virtual Reality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Practice on the Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes of Nursing Students: A single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT): Jui Kim, Jung-Hee Song, Young-Ok Ha; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(4):415-423. Published online December 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00689

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the effects of virtual reality (VR) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)—as compared to those of face-to-face Basic Life Support (BLS) education—on nursing students’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
Methods
Forty-four participants were recruited from nursing schools in Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, and randomized into two groups: VR CPR (experimental group) and BLS (control group). The participants’ CPR knowledge, cardiac compression quality, self-efficacy, confidence, and attitudes toward education were evaluated.
Results
At enrollment, the control and experimental groups showed similar results for all the variables. After the intervention, results showed that the cardiac compression score and the hand position accuracy in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group. Meanwhile, knowledge, self-efficacy, and confidence were improved in both groups, though there was no significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusion
The study results showed that VR CPR education is just as effective as face-to-face BLS training for nursing students. Therefore, developing high-quality VR educational content in the future is necessary.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evaluating the effectiveness of virtual reality simulation in cpr training for nursing students: A randomized controlled trial
Gonul Bodur, Zehra Turhan, Yunus Emre Altun, Kimya Kilicaslan, Berkay Ali̇kan, Fatih Özer, Gülbeyaz Can
Nurse Education in Practice.2025; 87: 104486. CrossRef

[English] Effects of a School-Based Health Education for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Among High School Girls: Minah Kang, Jina Choo; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(4):363-374. Published online December 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00647

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
We aimed to evaluate effects of a school-based health education for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention among high school girls.
Methods
Non-randomized cluster trial was conducted by recruiting two female high schools located in Seoul and allocating one school as a cluster to an experimental group and the other school as the other cluster to a control group. Participants were 169 first-year female high school students in two clusters. Of the participants, 84 were recruited in the experimental group and 85 in the control group. An intervention was an eight-week "School-based Health Education for CVD prevention". The experimental group received the intervention, while the control group received a CVD prevention handout. Measures were knowledge, self-efficacy, and health behaviors for CVD prevention. The pre-test and post-test were conducted.
Results
The experimental group participating in "School-Based Health Education for CVD Prevention" had significantly higher changes in knowledge, self-efficacy scores to prevent CVD, and health behaviors than the control group over eight weeks.
Conclusions
The "School-based Health Education for CVD Prevention" program may improve high school students' knowledge and self-efficacy as determinants of health behaviors as well as health behaviors to prevent cardiovascular disease.

[English] Analysis of Educational Needs of Home Care Nurses: Utilizing Borich’s Needs Assessment and the Locus for Focus Model: Dasom Kim, Hyeongsu Kim, Young Ko; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(3):240-253. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00605

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study analyzed educational needs of home care nurses to improve the quality of home care service and identify priority educational subjects.
Methods
This study analyzed the training priorities of 54 home care nurses working at community service centers or public health centers in Seoul, Korea, using the Borich Needs Assessment and the Locus of Focus model. The home care nurses’ tasks were categorized into 21 tasks and 85 task elements.
Results
Six priority educational subjects were identified: 1) health assessment and monitoring, 2) nursing records and information management, 3) health education and counseling techniques, 4) home care supplies management, 5) recipient identification and communication skills, and 6) care recipient classification and management. Activities related to one-on-one health management, such as health screening, measurements, and disease management counseling, were found to be high priorities. In contrast, small group program planning and operation were rated as a low priority.
Conclusion
This study underscores the importance of incorporating identified educational needs into training curricula for home care nurses. Regular assessment and integration of these needs into educational programs are crucial for enhancing nursing competence and service quality.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Simulation Needs Assessment Project (SNAP): Use of the Borich Model in Undergraduate Medical Education
Samantha Wong, Bradson Serikawa, Meliza Roman, Nicole Hada, Jannet Lee-Jayaram, Benjamin W. Berg
International Medical Education.2025; 4(4): 42. CrossRef

[English] Factors Associated with Nurse Self-Leadership: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nurses Working at Public Health Centers and Primary Healthcare Posts: Saeryun Kim, Younkyoung Kim; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(3):195-206. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00493

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing self-leadership among public health nurses as they implement health promotion projects in public health centers and primary healthcare posts.
Methods
The study sampled 120 public health nurses from 22 public health centers and their associated primary healthcare posts in J province. Data were collected from October 11 through October 25, 2022.
Results
Employment at a primary healthcare post instead of a public health center (β=.23, p=.012), was significantly associated with self-leadership in model 1 (adjusted R2=.17, F=4.56, p<.001). Furthermore, communicative competence (β=.48, p<.001) and nursing professionalism (β=.26, p=.001) were significantly associated with self-leadership in model 2 (adjusted R2=.51, F=14.77, p<.001).
Conclusion
Open and self-directed work environments, along with opportunities for education and training, are necessary to enhance communicative competence and nursing professionalism. These improvements may, in turn, strengthen self-leadership among nurses, facilitating the implementation of health promotion projects within public health institutions.

[English] Development and Effectiveness of a Basic Epidemiological Investigation Simulation Program of Emerging Respiratory Infectious Diseases for Nursing Students: Application of Standardized Patients: Jiyun Park, Gye Jeong Yeom; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(4):267-280. Published online December 29, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2023.00241

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to develop a simulation-based education program of emerging respiratory infectious diseases using standardized patients for nursing students, and to test the effects on basic epidemiological investigation performed while wearing Level D Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Methods
A total of 64 senior nursing students were recruited and assigned to either the experimental group (n=33) or a control group (n=31) in May 2022. This program was developed based on the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model. The analysis phase consisted of a literature review and target group survey. In addition, learning objectives and a structure were designed, and a scenario was developed with expert consulting. In the implementation phase, the program was conducted the course of 3 hours. The evaluation phase involved verification of the effects on clinical performance, self-efficacy, and anxiety related to basic epidemiological investigation, as well as an assessment of satisfaction with the program.
Results
There were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in clinical performance (Z=-2.15, p=.010) and anxiety related to basic epidemiological investigation (Z=-4.02, p<.001). However, there was no significant difference in self-efficacy related to basic epidemiological investigation.
Conclusion
The results indicate that this simulation-based education program was effective in improving clinical performance and reducing anxiety related to basic epidemiological investigation of nursing students. In addition, this program is expected to be widely used as an epidemiological investigation education for the initial prevention of infectious diseases.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Education Needs for Public Health Crisis Using an Importance-Performance Analysis and Borich Needs Assessment Model: Focused on Aircraft Quarantine Officials
Jiyun Park, Gye Joung Yeom, Seok Hwan Kim
Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2025; 36: 361. CrossRef
Effectiveness of donning and doffing personal protective equipment education using video debriefing among Korean undergraduate nursing students
GyeJeong Yeom, Jiyun Park
BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

[Korean] A Study on Outcomes of the Utilization of Visiting Nursing Service at the Integrated Visiting Nursing Center in Bucheon-si: Hyun-Kyung Park, Ae Jung Yoo, Ju Young Yoon, Jae Woo Choi; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(2):127-134. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2023.00045

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The government has implemented a pilot project for community care for older adults and the integrated visiting nursing center in Bucheon-si operated by public fund of government to provide visiting nursing service for older adults. This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of the utilization of visiting nursing service at the integrated visiting nursing center in Bucheon-si.
Methods
This study linked the personal data from the pilot project for community care with the National Health Insurance data. The final subjects comprised 30 participants and 110 of the matched control group. The length of home stay, hospitalization, and the admission for long-term care facilities or convalescent hospitals were measured. Statistical analysis was performed through difference-in-differences analysis using generalized estimating equation and Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
The results indicated an increase of 28.2 days for length of home stay and a reduction of 69% in hospitalization from medical institutions and 81% in admission of long-term care facilities or convalescent hospitals among participants compared to the control group.
Conclusion
The visiting nursing service of the integrated visiting nursing center was effective in extending length of home stay and lowering the hospitalization of medical institutions and admission of long-term care facilities or convalescent hospitals.

[English] Perceived Discrimination and Workplace Violence among School Health Teachers: Relationship with School Organizational Climate: Joohee Kim, Young Ko; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(4):432-445. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.4.432

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3 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of the school organizational climate with perceived discrimination and the workplace violence among school health teachers. Methods: The research design was a cross-sectional study. The subjects of the study were 350 school health teachers with more than one year of teaching experience. Data were collected online using a questionnaire. Research variables are general characteristics, organizational climate, perceived discrimination, and workplace violence. The relationship between organizational climate and perceived discrimination and the relationship between organizational climate and workplace violence were analyzed using regression analysis. Results: The score for organizational climate of health teachers was 3.10 out of 5 points, the score for perceived discrimination was 2.85 out of 5 points, and the experience rate of workplace violence was 16.9%. School organizational climate was related to both workplace violence and perceived discrimination. The subcomponents of organizational climate affecting perceived discrimination of health teachers were interrelationship and the level of compensation. The subcomponents of organizational climate affecting workplace violence of health teachers were interrelationship and autonomy. Conclusion: The improvement of the school's organizational climate can reduce the level of workplace violence and discrimination against health teachers. It is important to establish an appropriate evaluation system for health teachers and to recognize the role and expertise of health teachers. In addition, it is necessary for school administraters to actively support health teahcers and to create an organizational climate where they can be friendly and communicative.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Client Violence Against Educational Workers: A Systematic Review
Magdalena Calderon-Orellana, Daniela Díaz-Bórquez, Pedro Calderón
Education Sciences.2025; 15(4): 415. CrossRef
Violence Against Administrators: The Roles of Student, School, and Community Strengths and Cultural Pluralism
Susan D. McMahon, Andrew H. Perry, Taylor Swenski, Kailyn Bare, Jared Hunt, Andrew Martinez, Linda A. Reddy, Eric M. Anderman, Ron Avi Astor, Dorothy L. Espelage, Frank C. Worrell, Christopher M. Dudek
Behavioral Sciences.2025; 15(4): 556. CrossRef
Teacher-to-Student Victimization: The Role of Teachers’ Victimization and School Social and Organizational Climates
Ruth Berkowitz
Education Sciences.2025; 15(9): 1090. CrossRef

[Korean] A Structural Equation Model on Standard Precautions Compliance of Nursing Students: Hey Jin Ha, Eun A Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(3):321-331. Published online September 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.3.321

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study is to establish a structural model for standard precautions compliance of nursing students. This conceptual model was based on the IMB (Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills) model of Fisher and Fisher. Methods: Data were collected from October 12 to December 1, 2020, and the subjects were nursing students from G metropolitan city and J province, and the data of a total of 334 subjects were analyzed. For data analysis, this study used the SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 programs. Results: The hypothetical model showed a good fit to the data: x ² =106.46 (p<.001), x ² /df=2.54, RMSEA=.07, SRMR=.04, CFI=.96, TLI=.94. It was confirmed that the variables that have a statistically significant influence on the standard precautions compliance in nursing students were in the order of self-efficacy, social support, personal attitude, and standard precautions knowledge. The model explained 48.3% of the variance in standard precautions compliance of nursing students. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop and apply various specialized extracurricular programs that can induce an individual attitude toward observing standard precautions compliance in a positive direction in relationships with teachers and peers and gain their support.

[English] The Effect of the Delivery Format on Teaching Presence, Learning Presence, and Learning Outcomes in Distance Learning of Nursing Students: Synchronous versus Asynchronous Learning: Min A Kim, So Eun Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(3):312-320. Published online September 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.3.312

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was performed to explore the effect of the delivery format on teaching presence, learning presence, and learning outcomes in distance learning of nursing students. Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted to understand teaching presence, learning presence, and learning outcomes depending on the delivery format of distance learning. Quota sampling methodology was used to recruit 295 nursing students from all over the country, and data collection was done from July 27 to September 10, 2020. The first delivery format for distance learning was synchronous learning in which communication between the instructor and students occurred simultaneously. The second delivery format was asynchronous learning in which prerecorded videos were provided and communication did not occur simultaneously. Results: In synchronous learning, teaching presence (especially direct facilitation) and learning presence (especially emotional expression) had a statistical significance that was higher than in asynchronous learning. However, in learning outcomes, there was no statistically significant difference. There were significant positive correlations between teaching presence, learning presence, and learning outcomes, and there were significant positive correlations. Conclusion: It can be suggested that learning outcomes can be improved if presence is improved in the distance learning environment based on the results of this study. It is necessary to add contact with nursing students and instructors to improve teaching presence in the asynchronous learning, and it is necessary to help students express their emotions to improve learning presence.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Presence in Teaching-Learning: Witnessing Unfolding
Teresa Hamilton
Nursing Science Quarterly.2025; 38(3): 226. CrossRef

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