Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Original Articles

Social Network Analysis of Adults’ Obesity-Related Health Behaviors According to Life Cycle Stage: Seung-bin Park, Insoon Kang; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(4):375-388. Published online December 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00738

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This secondary data analysis study examined adults’ levels and networks of obesity-related health behaviors according to the life cycle stage.
Methods
Participants included 5,203 adults aged 19–79 years who participated in the third year of the eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2021). Life cycle stages were divided into young, middle-aged, and older adult groups. Obesity status was classified based on a body mass index of 25 kg/m2. Selected obesity-related health behaviors included alcohol abstinence, not smoking, proper sleep, eating breakfast, fruit intake, vegetable intake, not eating out, aerobic physical activity, walking, and weight training. Obesity-related health behavior networks were analyzed for density, inclusiveness, degree, and degree/closeness/betweenness centrality using social network analysis.
Results
Participants’ obesity rate was 37.6%, with the highest rate observed in the older adult group (39.2%). In all life cycle stages, the non-obese group had a higher density and average degree in the obesity-related health behavior network than the obese group. The young adult group showed higher centrality for vegetable intake, not smoking, alcohol abstinence, and proper sleep. The middle-aged group generally had higher centrality for health behaviors, whereas the older adult group had lower overall centrality for health behaviors, especially proper sleep and physical activity-related behaviors.
Conclusion
There were differences in the levels and network structures of obesity-related health behaviors according to the life cycle stage, indicating a need for differentiated obesity-management strategies according to the life cycle stage.

Development and Evaluation of Eating Traits Scale for Adult in Republic of Korea: Youngwon Kim, Eunok Park; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(4):339-350. Published online December 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2024.00521

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop eating traits scale for Korean adults and verify its validity and reliability.
Methods
The initial items were developed based on the literature reviews. The first preliminary scale has consisted of 78 items and the second preliminary scale consisted of 50 items selected by 13 experts who were formed to evaluate the content validity. To review whether they could understand the questionnaires at their reading level, 27 sixth-grade elementary school students were asked to be involved in this study. The questionnaire was revised through the consultation of Korean language teachers, and the final preliminary scale was composed of 50 items. Data were collected from 329 adults aged 19 to 65 years to test validity and reliability of the scale The item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied.
Results
Exploratory factor analysis showed 5 factors of 35 items. The factors (No. of items) were ‘Mood states (6)’, ‘Pursuit of health (6)’, ‘Stimulation of food (9)’, ‘Social situations (5)’, ‘Desire satisfaction (9)’. These 5 factors explained 55.04% of the total variance. Eating traits scale developed in this study was established construct validity. The reliability of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .92 and the factor’s ranged from .77 to .87.
Conclusions
Eating traits scale developed in this study was verified by content validity, construct validity and reliability. It is expected to be useful measuring eating traits of Korean adults in clinical practice and research.

Assessment of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Based on Body Size Phenotype in Korean Adults: Analysis of Community-based Cohort Data: Ji Young Kim, Youngran Yang; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(2):158-170. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2023.00101

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
Body size phenotypes can be regarded as an indicator of cardiovascular incidence risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of metabolic syndrome among metabolically healthy adults according to body size phenotype using Korean Genome & Epidemiology Study [KoGES]-community based cohort from 2001-2002 to 2014.
Methods
A prospective population-based cohort including 5,068 adults aged 40-69 years free from metabolic syndrome was included and divided into three phenotypes: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW), and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). The time dependent Cox’s proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the incidence of the metabolic syndrome after a follow-up 14 years.
Results
In the demographic, health related variables-adjusted model (Model 3), the hazard ratio of the metabolic syndrome was 1.92 (CI 1.54-2.40) for MHOW, 2.88 (CI 2.32-3.58) for MHO among males, 1.89 (CI 1.51-2.37) for MHOW, 2.34 (CI 1.88-2.90) for MHO for females compared to MHNW, respectively.
Conclusion
In conclusion, MHOW and MHO in both males and females increased the risk of metabolic syndrome compared to MHNW. Obesity management should be considered even in the absence of metabolic syndrome. Programs and resources should be provided for prevention of cardiovascular diseases and better quality of life.

Current Status and Needs Assessment for Obesity Prevention and Management Project at Public Health Centers: Ji Young Park, Mi Hae Im, Seol Hyang Baek, Chongwon Park, Ga Hui Hwang, Wan Soo Kim, Yu Mi Oh, A Ra Cho, Ji Eun Jo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2021;32(3):368-381. Published online September 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2021.32.3.368

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The obesity prevention and management program led by public health centers are important in the community. This study aims to identify the current status of obesity prevention and management programs at public health centers and perceptions regarding facilitators and barriers when implementing programs.
Methods
This study used a concurrent mixed methods design. A survey was conducted to investigate the current status and infrastructure of the obesity prevention and management program at eighty-three public health centers nationwide. Nine program managers and six local residents with experience in the program were interviewed by using a semi-structured questionnaires.
Results
Most of the infrastructure facilities for the program were inadequate, and insufficient budgets and lack of professional staff were identified as barriers. Facilitators included diversification of program delivery methods, operator competence, and visible outcomes and rewards. For the effectiveness of the program, it is vital to have adequate assistants, a sufficient budget, various promotional methods, and connections with various institutions in the community. On this basis, it is acknowledged that the public health center serves as a platform for preventing and managing obesity in the community. Conclusion: It is expected that infrastructure improvements in public health centers and the link with community resources are needed. In addition, there is an urgent need to set standards for obesity prevention and management programs implemented in public health centers to ‘resolve regional disparities’.

Ecological Factors and Strategies for Childhood Obesity Prevention Targeting Vulnerable Children: Using Community-Based Participatory Research: Soo Yeon Park, Jin A Choo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020;31(3):256-268. Published online September 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.3.256

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6 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to explore ecological factors and strategies for childhood obesity prevention targeting vulnerable children using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) methodology.
Methods
The CBPR was conducted by following basic process steps. Participants were 12 community stakeholders such as community child center directors (n=4), vulnerable children’s mothers (n=3), community health center officials (n=2), and lay health advisors (n=4); they were purposively sampled from K municipal county in Seoul, South Korea. The qualitative content analysis was performed to explore main themes of the ecological factors and strategies by using data obtained from 5 times of focus group interview.
Results
Twelve ecological factors associated with childhood obesity prevention were identified: Intrapersonal factors including emotional overeating; interpersonal factors including permissive parenting style of children’s eating behaviors; organizational factors including social workers’ less educational opportunities; and community/policy factors including less government financial support. Four ecological strategies for childhood obesity prevention were addressed: Developing obesity prevention programs targeting vulnerable children’ lifestyles; promoting parents’ active participation in education; building healthy meal service environments through empowering social workers; and building supportive community environment and securing community resources for child obesity prevention.
Conclusion
Our findings may be informative in terms of providing a comprehensive understanding of multi-level ecological barriers against vulnerable children’ obesity prevention and, moreover, guiding multi-level strategies for preventing childhood obesity targeting children enrolled in community child centers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Identification of important features in overweight and obesity among Korean adolescents using machine learning
Serim Lee, JongSerl Chun
Children and Youth Services Review.2024; 161: 107644. CrossRef
지역사회 아동ㆍ청소년 비만 예방관리사업 역량강화를 위한 정책 제언
수진 박, 소정 정, 효선 정, 영민 노, 은구 강, 용희 홍
Public Health Weekly Report.2024; 17(20): 840. CrossRef
Barriers and Facilitators of Pediatric Obesity Prevention and Management (POPM) Programs in Korea: Focusing on the Questionnaire About the Linkage in Community Level
Sujin Park, Hyo Seon Jeong, Young-Min Noh, Eungu Kang, Yong Hee Hong, Sochung Chung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Social Ecological Factors for Adolescent Obesity: Using the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data
Kyong Sil Park
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(3): 233. CrossRef
What Are the Challenges of School Nurses in South Korea in Managing Obese Children From Low-Income Households?
Jeonghyun Cho, Jiyoung Park, Chongwon Park, Jinah Lee, Jina Oh, Gahui Hwang
The Journal of School Nursing.2023; 39(6): 506. CrossRef
Exploratory study on obesity among middle-aged women in rural areas based on the Socio-ecological Model
Heui Sug Jo, Jong Sun Lee, Su Mi Jung, Yuliya Dronina, Yu Kyung Park, Yang Jun Park
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2021; 38(5): 1. CrossRef

Effects of Abdominal Obesity and Risk Drinking on the Hypertension Risk in Korean Adults: Eun Sook Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2018;29(3):349-358. Published online September 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.3.349; Correction in: Res Community Public Health Nurs 2018;29(4):539

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5 Citations

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of abdominal obesity and alcohol drinking on the risk of hypertension in Korean adults (aged â‰¥30 yrs).
METHODS
Data of 13,885 subjects from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The multiple logistic regression tests were used for the analysis, including potential covariates of the model.
RESULTS
Frequency of drinking, typical drinking quantity, and frequency of binge drinking had a positive relation to hypertension. The odds ratio of hypertension for risk drinkers with abdominal obesity was 4.81 compared to non-risk drinkers with normal waist circumstance, whereas the odds ratios of hypertension for risk drinkers with normal waist circumstance and non-risk drinkers with abdominal obesity were 1.58 and 2.37 respectively.
CONCLUSION
Both abdominal obesity and alcohol drinking patterns were strong risk factors of hypertension in the Korean adults. Risk drinkers with abdominal obesity showed a marked high risk in hypertension compared to those with a single condition alone.

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Association between drinking behaviors and components of metabolic syndrome in subjects in their 20s and 30s: data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018)
Soo Jin Lee, Ho Kyung Ryu
Nutrition Research and Practice.2022; 16(3): 392. CrossRef
Revision of Nutrition Quotient for Korean adults: NQ-2021
Sung-Min Yook, Young-Suk Lim, Jung-Sug Lee, Ki-Nam Kim, Hyo-Jeong Hwang, Sehyug Kwon, Ji-Yun Hwang, Hye-Young Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(2): 278. CrossRef
Factors Influencing the Self-management Behaviors of the Elderly with Hypertension in the Local Community
Jeongju Hong
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(3): 303. CrossRef
Cross-sectional Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Obesity among Students in a University at Gyeonggi Province
Jin Hee Jeong, Hye-Ja Park
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2021; 46(4): 402. CrossRef
Risk Factors affecting Dyslipidemia according to Age Group in Women: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014~2017
Bo-Kyoung Cha
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2020; 27(3): 310. CrossRef

Obesity and Related-factors in Patients with Chronic Mental Illness Registered to Community Mental Health Welfare Centers: Eun Suk Park, Eun Hyun Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2018;29(1):76-86. Published online March 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.1.76

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of study was to examine the relationship between obesity and its associated factors (psychiatric symptom, duration of illness, type of medication, physical activity, dietary habits, depressive symptom, and stress) in patients with chronic mental illness registered to community mental health welfare centers.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional correlation study using a convenience sampling. A total of 392 participants were recruited from community mental health welfare centers. The obtained data were analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regression.
RESULTS
Atypical antipsychotic medication, duration of illness, dietary habits (overeating, and drinking instant coffee) were significantly contributed variables into body mass index (BMI) obesity. Atypical antipsychotic medication and instant coffee were significantly related to abdominal obesity.
CONCLUSION
These results emphasized the needs of tailored obesity-preventive management for the community-dwelling patients with chronic mental illness, topically focusing on the administration of atypical antipsychotic medication, duration of illness, and dietary habits.

The Association of Food Label Use with Objective and Subjective Obesity among a Korean Population: In Sook Lee, Ko Woon Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2016;27(3):262-271. Published online September 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.3.262

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
Using food labels has been related to healthy eating habits and positive health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of food labels utilization and the association between food label use and obesity related factors.
METHODS
We conducted a self-reported population-based survey including health behaviors, 24-hour recalls, measurements of body mass indices with 6,266 Koreans aged 10 or older. Ï‡2-test and ANOVA examined differences in demographic factors, health behavioral factors, and nutrition factors in tandem with food label use categories. Multivariates logistic regression was used to estimate association between food label use and obesity factors.
RESULTS
The percentages of food label users and non-users who perceive food labels were 21.8% and 48.5% respectively. In the multivariate logistic regression, food label use had significant positive associations with women, age, income, education attainment, and subjective obesity. After adjusting for socioeconomic factors and dietetic treatments, the positive associations between food label use and subjective obesity, weight control, and subjective obesity with objective normal weight remained.
CONCLUSION
In order to improve eating habits and weight management, the obesity population that does not use food labels needs to receive proper nutrition education including food choice and body image correction.

Citations

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Evaluation of Food Labeling Policy in Korea: Analyzing the Community Health Survey 2014–2017
Heui Sug Jo, Su Mi Jung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Effects of Sarcopenic Obesity on Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Elders: Using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2011): Hyun A Choi, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2016;27(3):231-241. Published online September 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.3.231

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to examine effects of sarcopenic obesity on metabolic syndrome in Korean elders.
METHODS
This study is based on the analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) with 1,155 subjects (524 men, and 631 women) aged 60 or older, from 2008 to 2011. Sarcopenia was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), divided by weight (%) of <1 SD (standard deviation) below the sex-specific mean for young adults. Obesity was defined as a total body fat percent (menâ‰¥25%, womenâ‰¥35%).
RESULTS
The prevalence of SO (sarcopenic obesity) was 13.3% among men and 22.5% among women. Both sexes showed a higher total body fat percent, and the SMI (skeletal muscle index) was the lowest in the SO group. Metabolic syndrome was highly prevalent in the SO group (52.5% men, 60.4% women). The SO group showed a higher risk for metabolic syndrome (odds ratio men 6.57 [95% CI 5.19~7.27], women 3.89 [95% CI 2.41~6.29]) than the obese group (men 3.14 [95% CI 1.76~4.14], women 2.54 [95% CI 1.38~4.65]).
CONCLUSION
SO is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome in Korean elders. Therefore, a nursing program should be given to the Korean elderly SO group to prevent metabolic syndrome.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Sarcopenia: recent advances for detection, progression, and metabolic alterations along with therapeutic targets
Syeda Roohina Ali, Augustine T. Nkembo, Srinivas M. Tipparaju, Muhammad Ashraf, Wanling Xuan
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology.2024; 102(12): 697. CrossRef
Does an Association among Sarcopenia and Metabolic Risk Factors Exist in People Older Than 65 Years? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile, Agustín Aibar-Almazán, Diego Fernando Afanador-Restrepo, Yulieth Rivas-Campo, Carlos Rodríguez-López, María del Mar Carcelén-Fraile, Yolanda Castellote-Caballero, Fidel Hita-Contreras
Life.2023; 13(3): 648. CrossRef
Associations between Sarcopenia and Metabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yang Du, Chorong Oh, Jaekyung No
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2018; 27(3): 175. CrossRef

Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its associated Factors among Elders in a Rural Community: Bong Jeong Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2013;24(2):225-235. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.2.225

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and factors associated with it among elders in a rural community.
METHODS
Data were collected from 683 subjects with a questionnaire, physical measurement, and blood test. The prevalence of the MS was determined by AHA/NHLBI and waist circumference cutoff points for Koreans.
RESULTS
The prevalence of the MS was 50.5% in total (41.6% in men, 56.3% in women) while the prevalence of 5 metabolic risk factors was 67.7% for elevated blood pressure, 51.0% for low HDL-cholesterol, and 50.2% for abdominal obesity. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of the MS included family history, BMI, and physical activity; significant factors associated with that of metabolic components included family history, BMI, smoking, drinking, and physical activity. Especially, a higher BMI was a strong risk factor of the prevalence of abdominal obesity as well as the MS and its components.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that nurses should care for elders based on each metabolic component regarding its prevalence level and concentrate primarily on reducing elevated blood pressure, low HDL-cholesterol by controlling the main risk factor, abdominal obesity through lifestyle modification.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Men and Women Aged ≥50 Years
Goeun Chung, Hye-Sun Jung, Hye-Jin Kim
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2021; 19(3): 159. CrossRef
Prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome and its components in elderly Korean adults
Seonho Kim, Wi-Young So
Experimental Gerontology.2016; 84: 107. CrossRef

A Feasibility Study of an Exercise Intervention Based on Self-efficacy Theory among Overweight and Obese College Students in Korea: Eun Seok Cha, Yun A Shin, Hee Young Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(4):704-714. Published online December 31, 2008

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study explored the feasibility of a 12 week self-efficacy based exercise intervention for overweight and obese college students.
METHOD
A repeated measure, 4-group randomized controlled design was used. Students were recruited from two universities, in Seoul, Korea using: (1) flyers either on the campus bulletin boards or in campus restrooms; (2) advertisement on campus e-board; and (3) self-referral. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Korean college students aged 18 to 29; (2) BMI >23; (3) viscerally obese; and (4) accessible to a phone and a computer. Participants completed three self-reported questionnaires: socio-demographic questionnaire (at the baseline), Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (at the baseline and 12th week), and Physical Fitness sub-subscale (at the baseline and 12th week). Additionally, physiological data (height, weight, blood pressure) were collected at the baseline and 12th week. Descriptive statistics and a two-way mixed ANOVA were performed using SPSS12.0.
RESULTS
No significant group difference was observed. However, students with increased exercise self-efficacy during the program showed better physical fitness in the 12th week. When students' physical fitness was enhanced, the physiological factors were improved.
CONCLUSIONS
Self-efficacy based exercise intervention may be applicable and acceptable to the college students. It is necessary to conduct a replicated study with a larger sample and an elongated intervention period.

A Study on Obesity Stress and Related Factors among Female College Students: Young Sook Kwon; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(3):431-442. Published online September 30, 2008

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of obesity stress and analyze factors having an effect on obesity stress among college women.
METHOD
The subjects were 347 female students from a university in J City. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire for general characteristics, health-related characteristics, and current and preferred somatotype. Obesity stress was measured using 10 items developed by Cho (1996) based on Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ) of Ben-Tovim and Walker (1991). The survey was conducted from September 4 to September 7, 2007. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Spearman's rank correlation test, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS 14.0.
RESULTS
The average score of obesity stress was 2.78+/-0.90 out of 5.00. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the major factors that affect obesity stress of female college students were perceived body shape, disagreement between current and preferred somatotype, history of weight control, body mass index (BMI), and perceived health status, and these factors explained 38.4% of obesity stress.
CONCLUSION
Subjective judgment in the perception of or preference for body shape was the most important factor affecting obesity stress in female college students. Therefore, a plan is necessary to mitigate obesity stress and evaluate individually subjects who perceive themselves to be fat or want to be thinner than the current somatotype. And consultation and constant management are needed to help the high risk group (experience of weight control, BMI > or =23kg/m2, not good health status).

The Effects of Walking on the Physical Health of Residents in Rural Areas: Chun Mi Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(3):349-357. Published online September 30, 2008

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of walking on physical health such as body composition, blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids for residents in rural areas.
METHOD
Data were collected from 109 residents at 4 community health centers and during the 12 weeks' period between May and July, 2007 with quasi-experimental pre/post-test design. The data were processed with SPSS Win 12.0.
RESULT
69.5% of the subjects had chronic degenerative diseases such as hypertension, arthritis and diabetes mellitus. Also, 52.9% had overweight and 14.7% had excessive obesity. There were significant positive changes in BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose and LDL among obese residents. However, there was no significant difference in total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL among blood lipids.
CONCLUSION
This study showed that a 3 months' walking program had positive effects on physical health and it should be continued.

Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Related to Obesity in Elementary School Children: Myung Ha Lee, Hyeon Ok Kim, Hee Kyoung Hyoung, Hee Sun Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(3):469-479. Published online September 30, 2007

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was carried out to investigate the knowledge of obesity and exercise, attitude to dietary habits and exercise, and physical activities and exercise in elementary school children to provide basic data for obese programs.
METHODS
The subjects were 850 elementary school children of grade 3-6 in C City and data were collected with a questionnaire.
RESULTS
Higher grade, female and overweight children recorded a higher knowledge score than lower grade, male and normal weight children. As for attitude to dietary habit, lower grade and female children had more positive attitude than higher grade and male children. Overweight children were more aware of the seriousness of exercise than normal weight children. In physical activity, lower grade and male children were higher than higher grade and female children. The more interested the children's family were in exercise, the higher score of physical activity they showed.
CONCLUSION
In planning education for preventing obesity, it should give consideration to lower grade and male children. In addition, education for changing dietary habit attitude must be extended to higher grade and male children as well. It is effective to develop and apply physical activity improvement programs in the cooperation and involvement of their families.

The Effects of Exercise.Behavior Modification Therapy on the Obesity Control and Self-esteem of the Obese Female College Students: Chung Nam Kim, Yun Hee Kwon, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(2):293-300. Published online June 30, 2007

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To examine the effect of the exercise.behavior modification therapy one the obesity control and self-esteem of the obese female college students.
METHOD
Data was collected from March 10, 2006 to June 10, 2006. The research design was adopted randomized control group (EG=exercise group) pretest-posttest experimental (E . BG=exercise . behavior modification therapy group) design. The subjects were nursing students at T college. A total of 37 obese female college students(BMI: over 27mg/m2) were selected for this research. The exercise program was executed for 12 weeks and 4 days a week, and the behavior modification was therapy performed for 12 weeks and 60 minutes per week. The data were analyzed with the SPSS Win 12.0 program through the Mann-Whitney test.
RESULT
BMI(Z=-3.049, p=.002) of the E . BG was significantly different from the EG. The Total Cholesterol(Z=-1.162, p=.250) of the E . BG was not significantly different from the EG. The self-esteem(Z=-3.196, p=.001) of the E.BG was significantly different from the EG.
CONCLUSION
The exercise . behavior modification therapy was more effective than the exercise therapy in improving the obesity and self-esteem of the obese female college students.

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