Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Original Articles

Development and Effectiveness of a Basic Epidemiological Investigation Simulation Program of Emerging Respiratory Infectious Diseases for Nursing Students: Application of Standardized Patients: Jiyun Park, Gye Jeong Yeom; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(4):267-280. Published online December 29, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2023.00241

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to develop a simulation-based education program of emerging respiratory infectious diseases using standardized patients for nursing students, and to test the effects on basic epidemiological investigation performed while wearing Level D Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Methods
A total of 64 senior nursing students were recruited and assigned to either the experimental group (n=33) or a control group (n=31) in May 2022. This program was developed based on the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model. The analysis phase consisted of a literature review and target group survey. In addition, learning objectives and a structure were designed, and a scenario was developed with expert consulting. In the implementation phase, the program was conducted the course of 3 hours. The evaluation phase involved verification of the effects on clinical performance, self-efficacy, and anxiety related to basic epidemiological investigation, as well as an assessment of satisfaction with the program.
Results
There were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in clinical performance (Z=-2.15, p=.010) and anxiety related to basic epidemiological investigation (Z=-4.02, p<.001). However, there was no significant difference in self-efficacy related to basic epidemiological investigation.
Conclusion
The results indicate that this simulation-based education program was effective in improving clinical performance and reducing anxiety related to basic epidemiological investigation of nursing students. In addition, this program is expected to be widely used as an epidemiological investigation education for the initial prevention of infectious diseases.

Cyberbullying among University Students during the E-learning Transformation Era: The Role of the Student-Teacher Relationship and Virtual Classroom Community: Samiha Sayed, Lucy AbuElEla, Ahlam Sarhan, Doaa El Demerdash; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(2):135-146. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2023.00038

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The current study assesses cyberbullying among university students and explores the role of the student-teacher relationship and virtual classroom community.
Methods
A descriptive exploratory study on four randomly selected colleges at Damanhour University/Egypt. Participants were recruited conveniently using an equal allocation of 150 students/college (600 students). The European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ), Rovai's Classroom Community Scale (RCCS), and the Student Version of The Teacher-Student Relationship Inventory (S-STRI) were used for data collection.
Results
Low cyber victimization was reported by 66.5% of the students, while 39.8% reported low cyberaggression behaviors. The highest percent reported average virtual class connectedness (77.3%), learning experience (70.3%), and overall virtual classroom community (80.8%). Besides, highly satisfying teacher relationships (82.3%); average (38.8%) and low (35.8%) instrumental help; low conflict (68.0%); and average total teacher-student relationship (70.5%). Regression analysis revealed that the increased scores of the total teacher-student relationship scale (p<0.05) with its two domains [satisfaction and instrumental help (p<0.01)] and the total classroom community scale (p<0.05) with its domains [connectedness (p<0.01) and learning experience (p<0.05)] decreased the likelihood of cyber victimization and cyberaggression. However, perceived conflicting teacher relationships increased the likelihood of cyber victimization (p<0.05) and cyberaggression (p<0.01).
Conclusion
Cyberbullying is a concern among university students, and the students’ perceived nature of their relationships with their teachers and sense of virtual classroom community play a pivotal role in shaping their involvement in cyberaggression and exposure to cyber victimization. Thus, developing mass media campaigns to enhance awareness about cyberbullying and cyber civility regulations is recommended.

A Structural Equation Model on Standard Precautions Compliance of Nursing Students: Hey Jin Ha, Eun A Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(3):321-331. Published online September 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.3.321

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study is to establish a structural model for standard precautions compliance of nursing students. This conceptual model was based on the IMB (Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills) model of Fisher and Fisher. Methods: Data were collected from October 12 to December 1, 2020, and the subjects were nursing students from G metropolitan city and J province, and the data of a total of 334 subjects were analyzed. For data analysis, this study used the SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 programs. Results: The hypothetical model showed a good fit to the data: x ² =106.46 (p<.001), x ² /df=2.54, RMSEA=.07, SRMR=.04, CFI=.96, TLI=.94. It was confirmed that the variables that have a statistically significant influence on the standard precautions compliance in nursing students were in the order of self-efficacy, social support, personal attitude, and standard precautions knowledge. The model explained 48.3% of the variance in standard precautions compliance of nursing students. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop and apply various specialized extracurricular programs that can induce an individual attitude toward observing standard precautions compliance in a positive direction in relationships with teachers and peers and gain their support.

The Effect of the Delivery Format on Teaching Presence, Learning Presence, and Learning Outcomes in Distance Learning of Nursing Students: Synchronous versus Asynchronous Learning: Min A Kim, So Eun Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(3):312-320. Published online September 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.3.312

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was performed to explore the effect of the delivery format on teaching presence, learning presence, and learning outcomes in distance learning of nursing students. Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted to understand teaching presence, learning presence, and learning outcomes depending on the delivery format of distance learning. Quota sampling methodology was used to recruit 295 nursing students from all over the country, and data collection was done from July 27 to September 10, 2020. The first delivery format for distance learning was synchronous learning in which communication between the instructor and students occurred simultaneously. The second delivery format was asynchronous learning in which prerecorded videos were provided and communication did not occur simultaneously. Results: In synchronous learning, teaching presence (especially direct facilitation) and learning presence (especially emotional expression) had a statistical significance that was higher than in asynchronous learning. However, in learning outcomes, there was no statistically significant difference. There were significant positive correlations between teaching presence, learning presence, and learning outcomes, and there were significant positive correlations. Conclusion: It can be suggested that learning outcomes can be improved if presence is improved in the distance learning environment based on the results of this study. It is necessary to add contact with nursing students and instructors to improve teaching presence in the asynchronous learning, and it is necessary to help students express their emotions to improve learning presence.

Development and Effectiveness of a Mobile Health Lifestyle Program for University Students: Yeon Hee Kim, Sung Rae Shin; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2021;32(2):150-161. Published online June 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2021.32.2.150

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop a mobile health lifestyle program for university students and to verify its effectiveness.
Methods
The program was developed based on Jung’s teaching-learning system design model. The research used a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest non-synchronized design. Data were collected from October 20 to December 5, 2018. To verify the effects of the program, the knowledge, self-efficacy, and intention to plan health lifestyle and health lifestyle behavior were measured. A two hour health lecture and a mobile health lifestyle program were delivered for 3 weeks to 23 students in the experimental group. 19 students in the control group received only a two hour health lecture.
Results
The experimental group showed significantly higher scores on knowledge (F=4.63, p=.038), intention to plan health lifestyle (F=14.44, p<.001), and health lifestyle behavior (F=46.80, p<.001). However, the score on self-efficacy was not significantly different (F=2.65, p=.112).
Conclusion
It was confirmed that the mobile health lifestyle program can be useful in increasing the level of knowledge, intention and behavior of health lifestyle among university students. Therefore, the mobile health lifestyle application can be used as a supporting resource to enhance the health promotion for university students.

Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students: Hye Young Min, Yoon Jung Kim, Jung Min Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020;31(4):503-513. Published online December 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.4.503

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (KESQ-NS).
Methods
The participants were 138 nursing students who have experience in clinical practice. The Korean version of ESQ-NS (KESQ-NS) was examined using content validity, construct validity, criterion-related validity, and testing of internal consistency reliability. Data were collected from November to December of 2019 through an online-survey.
Results
The KESQ-NS that was composed of 13 items was divided into three dimensions: Critical understanding of the patient, patient holistic care, patient privacy, and confidentiality. The instrument explained 67.9% of the total variance for ethical sensitivity. Cronbach’s ⍺ was .88. Conclusion: The KESQ-NS showed good validity and reliability. This instrument can be used to evaluate ethical sensitivity in nursing students in Korea.

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A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Nursing Ethics Education for Undergraduate Nursing Students and Nurses
Youngjin Lee, Soyoung Yu, Miyoung Kim, Wonjung Noh, Mi Yu, Yoomi Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(2): 164. CrossRef

A Structural Equation Model of General High School Students’ Happiness: Mediation Effect of Self-esteem and Resilience: Seon Hyang Park, Jeong Sook Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020;31(3):395-404. Published online September 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.3.395

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was conducted to develop a predictive model for happiness of students in general high schools. The study was based on the theory of happiness integration and the literature review. Methods: Data were collected using a convenience sample of 231 first and second grade students in five general high schools in D city and K Province. The exogenous variables were optimism as personality factors, parenting attitude, academic stress and friend’s support as happiness. The endogenous variables were self-esteem and resilience as mediating variables, and happiness of students in general high schools. Data collection was done from March 14 to March 28, 2019. The AMOS 22.0 and SPSS programs were used to verify the validity of confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis models.
Results
The factors that have the greatest influence on happiness of high school students are self-esteem and resilience. The explanatory power of happiness by these variables was 98.1%. The individual mediating effect and double mediation effect of these variables were found to be significant.
Conclusion
As student's optimistic personality, parent's positive parenting attitude, and friend’s support improve student's self-esteem and resilience, ultimately positively affecting high school students' happiness, so it is necessary to consider these factors and try to develop a happiness improvement program.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Structural Equation Model of Subjective Happiness in Menopausal Middle-aged Women
Soo Yeon Lee, Kuem Sun Han
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(3): 340. CrossRef
Adolescent Life Satisfaction Explained by Social Support, Emotion Regulation, and Resilience
Lorea Azpiazu Izaguirre, Arantzazu Rodríguez Fernández, Eider Goñi Palacios
Frontiers in Psychology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

The Effect of the Education Applying Havruta's Method on Communication Competency, Critical Thinking Competency, and Self-leadership of Nursing Students: Jae Hyun Ha, Hyun Ju Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020;31(3):337-347. Published online September 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.3.337

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to construct the education applying Havruta's method for nursing students and to examine its effect on the communication competency, critical thinking competency, and self-leadership.
Methods
A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 138 nursing students at two universities. The experimental group (n=70) received the education applying Havruta's method for six weeks. The study was carried out from September 23 to November 8, 2019. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 22.0 for the x 2 test, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test.
Results
The experimental group had a significant increase in communication competency (t=2.44, p=.016). However, there was no significant difference in critical thinking competency (t=1.85, p=.067), and self-leadership (t=1.78, p=.077) between the two groups.
Conclusion
The education applying Havruta's method is an effective nursing education for communication competency. The result of this study could be a guide for nursing professors at the nursing education field when developing education programs that apply Habruta’s method. Based on these results, future studies should be conducted to apply Habruta’s teaching method to various nursing majors.

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The effects of self-directed learning ability, critical thinking, and learning commitment from utilizing the Havruta method in women’s health nursing classes
Jeong Ha Yang, Mi Young Chung
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(4): 352. CrossRef

The Effects of Acculturative Stress, Career Stress, and Social Support on Depression in Korean International Students in China: Ah Ra Lee, Hye Kyung Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020;31(1):96-106. Published online March 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.1.96

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Purpose
This study aimed to examine the level of acculturative stress, career stress, social support and depression, and identify factors affecting depression among Korean international students in China.
Methods
Data were collected from 157 Korean students studying in undergraduate, graduate, students exchange programs and language training courses in G university, J university, and S university in G city, Guangdong Province, China, from September 1 to October 27, 2017. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression.
Results
The mean acculturative stress was 62.24±18.08 out of 165, whereas the mean career stress was 65.47±19.79 out of 125. The mean social support was 95.03±14.64 out of 125, and the mean depression score was 13.83±9.24 out of 60. The factor that had the greatest effect on depression among the participants was acculturative stress (β=.26, p=.001), followed by career stress (β=.24, p=.002), frequency of weekly phone calls with family (β=.19, p=.006), source of tuition payment (β=.18, p=.009), and self-perceived health (β=.15, p=.040). The model explained 33% of the variance.
Conclusion
It is necessary to develop depression prevention and management programs as well as a customized health promotion program that account for the factors identified to have an effect on depression, namely, acculturative stress, career stress, frequency of weekly phone calls with family, source of tuition payment, and self-perceived health, and increase awareness of depression among international students.

Citations

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Acculturative stress and depressive symptoms among international university students: A meta-analytic investigation
Elif Çimşir, Fatma Zehra Ünlü Kaynakçı
International Journal of Intercultural Relations.2024; 102: 102041. CrossRef
Efficacy of Interventional Programs in Reducing Acculturative Stress and Enhancing Adjustment of International Students to the New Host Educational Environment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Musheer A. Aljaberi, Abdulsamad Alsalahi, Muhamad Hanafiah Juni, Sarah Noman, Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi, Rukman Awang Hamat
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(15): 7765. CrossRef

Nursing Students' Practice Experience on Community Visiting Nursing: Jae Hyun Ha, Jeong Hee Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020;31(1):43-53. Published online March 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.1.43

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nursing students' practice on community visiting nursing.
Methods
For this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 12 nursing students, and data were collected through individual in depth interviews from September to December 2018. The data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis method suggested by Colaizzi.
Results
The experience of visiting nursing practice consisted of four themes. Four themes are ‘Understanding visiting nursing work: Tight time and problems to overcome’, ‘Understanding visiting nursing object: People waiting for a visiting nurse’, ‘Visiting nursing practice experience: Sometimes to get reprimanded but rewarding practice’, and ‘Expectations for visiting nursing business: Hopes for development’.
Conclusion
Findings from this study presented vivid experiences of nursing students who on community home visit nursing. Community visiting nursing practice became an opportunity for students to understand visiting nursing and target people and to think about the necessity of visiting nursing and future development direction. It is necessary to develop an institutional and policy basis with regard to the increasing number and role expansion of community visit nurses.

A Q-methodology Study on Subjective Attitudes toward Dementia in Nursing Students: Eun Ho Ha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020;31(1):107-118. Published online March 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.1.107

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
Nursing students are key personnel to take care of people with dementia in the nursing field in future. The purpose of this study was to identify subjective attitudes toward dementia in nursing students.
Methods
Q methodology, which is a research method to study people's subjective points of views, was used. Thirty seven Q-statements (Q-sample) were derived from the Q population (Concourse) and were arranged in rank order by each of 42 participants into a normal distribution grid (from −4 to +4). A QUANL program was used to analyze the collected data.
Results
Three types of attitudes toward dementia were identified: ‘self-guided dementia management’, ‘national-guided dementia management’ and ‘facility-guided dementia management.’ Conclusion The results of this study suggest that nursing strategies to improve understanding of dementia and actively cope with dementia should be considered.

Factors Affecting the Social Distance toward Older Adults of Nursing Students: Ji Yeon Ha, Ju Young Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(4):539-549. Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.4.539

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to identify the factors related to the social distance toward older adults in nursing college students.
METHODS
The participants comprised 137 students in a nursing college. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires in March 2019. The measurement instruments included social distance scales, the Fact on Aging Quiz (FAQ I), a 20-item semantic differential scale (to assess attitudes), and the perceived elderly stigma scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
The total score for social distance toward older adults was 3.98Â±0.54 out of a maximum of 5. Social distance had a statistically significant relationship with knowledge (r=.20, p=.022), attitudes toward older adults (r=âˆ’.31, p < .001), and elderly stigma (r=âˆ’.27 p=.008). The factors affecting social distance were education in geriatrics (Î²=.33, p=.004), grade (Î²=-.29, p=.014), attitudes (Î²=âˆ’.21, p=.018), academic major satisfaction (Î²=.19, p=.028), and knowledge (Î²=.15, p=.048); the explanatory power of the model was 34%.
CONCLUSION
There is a need for departmental efforts that nursing students acquire correct knowledge about the life and health of the elderly with the aging process and develop positive attitudes toward older adults through various experiences in gerontological nursing practicum and community senior-college student link programs.

Health-promoting Lifestyle of Nursing Students: Using Mixed Methods Research: Hyun Ju Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(4):414-425. Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.4.414

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of psychosocial wellbeing status and self efficacy on health-promoting behavior of nursing students, and to explore the experiences related to health-promoting behavior.
METHODS
For this study, an explanatory sequential mixed method design approach was used with survey data collected from 148 nursing students. In addition, qualitative data for exploration of health-promoting behavior experience were collected from three focus-group interviews of 17 participants. Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 25.0 and qualitative data were analyzed by making contents analysis with Nvivo 12.0.
RESULTS
The results showed that psychosocial wellbeing status, self efficacy, grade, and regularity meal explained 43.0% of the variance in health-promoting behavior. And seven themes from the collected significant statements about experience of health-promoting behavior included the daily life going on without delay; changes in body which is felt; recognizing the necessity of health care; making efforts to increase physical activities; revising eating habit; looking for the way to relieve stress; and attempting to divert my thoughts.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop and verify health program in order to improve nursing students' health-promoting behavior. And university authorities and government should make an effort to improve nursing students' health-promoting behavior.

Citations

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Health promoting lifestyle behaviors and associated predictors among clinical nurses in China: a cross-sectional study
Wen Zeng, Shaomei Shang, Qian Fang, Shan He, Juan Li, Yuanrong Yao
BMC Nursing.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Nursing Students' Environmental Consciousness and Medical Waste Related Knowledge and Attitudes: Jae Hyun Ha, Hyun Ju Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(2):174-182. Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.2.174

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to find out how much influence nursing students' environmental consciousness and knowledge of medical waste have on their attitudes toward medical waste.
METHODS
The subjects were 211 nursing students recruited from 2 universities. Data were collected with a structured self-report questionnaire comprising measures of environmental consciousness, and knowledge of and attitude toward medical waste. Data analysis was conducted with the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program.
RESULTS
A total of 211 copies of the questionnaire were used for the final analysis, except for 9 untrusted responses out of 220 that included missing values. Those subjects' environmental consciousness who received environmental education in middle and high schools was higher (t=3.15, p=.002). The higher their grades, the better their knowledge of medical waste (F=3.40, p=.035). Those subjectsâ€™ knowledge of medical waste who received medical waste education was relatively high (t=3.14, p=.002). Those subjects with clinical practice experience had more sensitive attitudes toward medical waste (t=2.06, p=.041). Those subjects' attitudes toward Medical waste who received medical waste education at the universities were relatively high (t=2.04, p=.043). The subjects' environmental consciousness was positively correlated with their attitudes toward medical waste (r=.44, p<.001). The most influential factor in their attitudes toward medical waste is their environmental attitudes and medical waste education.
CONCLUSION
The higher the nursing students' environmental consciousness, the higher their attitudes toward medical waste. It is necessary to provide environment and medical waste education for nursing students in order to strengthen their environmental consciousness and attitude toward medical waste.

Development of a Measurement of Suicidal Protection (MSP) for High School Students in Korea: Chan Sun Park, Sook Ja Yang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(2):161-173. Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.2.161

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to develop and test a measurement of the suicidal protection(MSP) for high school students in Korea.
METHODS
Thirty-four preliminary items were initially developed based on literature review and focus group interviews. Those items were evaluated by experts for content validity with 31 items yielded. For testing validity and reliability of the measurement, data were collected from 330 high school students in Korea.
RESULTS
The item analysis selected 26 items. One item was deleted additionally through the primary exploratory factor analysis. The final exploratory factor analysis yielded 26 items in six factors such as fear of suicide, self-esteem, emotion regulation, support from others, support from family, and school life, explaining 66.6% of the total variance of the suicidal protection for high school students in Korea. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were supported by construct reliability, average variance extracted estimate, and standardized regression weight. MSP scores were positively associated with economic status, academic record and suicidal ideation. Also, criterion validity was supported through a significant correlation with the Reason for Living Inventory for Adolescent. The Cronbach's Î± reliability coefficient was .93 for the overall measurement and .72~.86 for the six factors.
CONCLUSION
The results show that MSP may be valid and reliable for assessing suicidal protection of high school students.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Review of Suicide Risk Assessment Tools and Their Measured Psychometric Properties in Korea
In-Chul Baek, Soobin Jo, Eun Ji Kim, Ga Ryoung Lee, Dong Hun Lee, Hong Jin Jeon
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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