Factors Affecting the Intention to Participate in Healthcare Programs among Elders Living Alone

Mi Sook Song; Sunjoo Boo

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.4.319

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Original Article
Factors Affecting the Intention to Participate in Healthcare Programs among Elders Living Alone: Mi Sook Song, Sunjoo Boo; Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2016;27(4):319-326.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.4.319
Published online: December 31, 2016

College of Nursing, Institutue of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea.

• Received: September 27, 2016 • Revised: November 3, 2016 • Accepted: November 4, 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study is to identify factors affecting elders' intention to participate in healthcare programs.
Methods
This secondary data analysis used data of 390 elderly people who lived alone and were enrolled in the Visiting Health Care Center of H-city. In 2014, questionnaires were used to collect data about demographics, social activity, depression, frailty, and intention to participate in healthcare programs. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions.
Results
Among the participants, 51.8% intended to participate in the offered healthcare programs. The strongest factor affecting the intention was gender. Women were 4.85 times more likely to participate in the programs than men. The women's intention was associated positively with increased levels of frailty. The men tended to participate in the program as they got older and as the level of frailty and the number of chronic diseases increased.
Conclusion
Gender-specific public healthcare programs for vulnerable elders living alone should be developed to maximize their participation in the programs and to promote good health. The healthcare programs must be tailored to the levels of the patients' physical functions.
Key Words: Aged; Community health center; Intention

Table 1

Characteristics of Participants by Gender (N=390)

Characteristics	Total (n=390)	Male (n=107)	Female (n=283)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Age (year)	77.56±5.80	76.09±5.81	78.12±5.70	−3.12	.002
Social activity (≥1/week)	251 (64.4)	59 (55.1)	192 (67.8)	5.46	.019
Number of chronic disease^†	2.08±1.21	1.66±1.10	2.24±1.22	−4.31	<.001
Depression	5.45±2.17	5.50±2.09	5.39±2.20	0.47	.638
Normal	141 (36.2)	38 (35.5)	103 (36.4)	1.31	.521
Mild	225 (57.7)	60 (56.1)	165 (58.3)
Severe	24 (6.2)	9 (8.4)	15 (5.3)
Frailty	5.13±3.60	3.58±2.98	5.72±3.65	−5.42	<.001

^†Diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, stroke, arthritis, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer.

Table 2

Differences in Characteristics by Intention to Participate in Healthcare Programs Pulmonary Disease, and Cancer (N=390)

Characteristics	Yes (n=202)	No (n=188)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Female	171 (60.4)	112 (39.6)	30.76	<.001
Male	31 (29.0)	76 (71.0)
Age (year)	77.67±5.32	77.45±6.28	-0.38	.702
Social activity (≥1/week)	143 (57.0)	108 (43.0)	7.56	.006
Number of chronic disease^†	2.13±1.16	2.04±1.23	-0.74	.460
Depression	5.23±2.14	5.62±2.18	1.78	.076
Normal	85 (60.3)	56 (39.7)	6.68	.036
Mild	107 (47.6)	118 (52.4)
Severe	10 (41.7)	14 (58.4)
Frailty	4.71±3.60	5.59±3.56	2.42	.016

^†Diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, stroke, arthritis, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer.

Table 3

Factors Affecting Intention to Participate in Healthcare Programs (N=390)

Variables	Total			Male			Female
Variables	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Gender (female)	4.85	2.84~8.29	<.001
Age	1.03	0.98~1.07	.233	1.13	1.03~1.24	.013	0.99	0.95~1.05	.890
Social activity (≥1/week)	1.35	0.85~2.15	.211	1.95	0.67~5.65	.220	1.20	0.70~2.06	.504
Number of chronic disease^†	1.12	0.92~1.37	.253	1.86	1.10~3.13	.021	1.03	0.83~1.28	.803
Depression	1.05	0.93~1.18	.420	1.29	0.96~1.72	.088	1.00	0.88~1.14	.995
Frailty	0.84	0.78~0.92	<.001	0.06	0.41~0.74	<.001	0.90	0.83~0.99	.029

^†Diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, stroke, arthritis, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer.

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Factors Affecting the Intention to Participate in Healthcare Programs among Elders Living Alone

Characteristics	Total (n=390)	Male (n=107)	Female (n=283)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Age (year)	77.56±5.80	76.09±5.81	78.12±5.70	−3.12	.002
Social activity (≥1/week)	251 (64.4)	59 (55.1)	192 (67.8)	5.46	.019
Number of chronic disease^†	2.08±1.21	1.66±1.10	2.24±1.22	−4.31	<.001
Depression	5.45±2.17	5.50±2.09	5.39±2.20	0.47	.638
Normal	141 (36.2)	38 (35.5)	103 (36.4)	1.31	.521
Mild	225 (57.7)	60 (56.1)	165 (58.3)
Severe	24 (6.2)	9 (8.4)	15 (5.3)
Frailty	5.13±3.60	3.58±2.98	5.72±3.65	−5.42	<.001

Characteristics	Yes (n=202)	No (n=188)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	x² or t	p
Female	171 (60.4)	112 (39.6)	30.76	<.001
Male	31 (29.0)	76 (71.0)
Age (year)	77.67±5.32	77.45±6.28	-0.38	.702
Social activity (≥1/week)	143 (57.0)	108 (43.0)	7.56	.006
Number of chronic disease^†	2.13±1.16	2.04±1.23	-0.74	.460
Depression	5.23±2.14	5.62±2.18	1.78	.076
Normal	85 (60.3)	56 (39.7)	6.68	.036
Mild	107 (47.6)	118 (52.4)
Severe	10 (41.7)	14 (58.4)
Frailty	4.71±3.60	5.59±3.56	2.42	.016

Variables	Total			Male			Female
Variables	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Gender (female)	4.85	2.84~8.29	<.001
Age	1.03	0.98~1.07	.233	1.13	1.03~1.24	.013	0.99	0.95~1.05	.890
Social activity (≥1/week)	1.35	0.85~2.15	.211	1.95	0.67~5.65	.220	1.20	0.70~2.06	.504
Number of chronic disease^†	1.12	0.92~1.37	.253	1.86	1.10~3.13	.021	1.03	0.83~1.28	.803
Depression	1.05	0.93~1.18	.420	1.29	0.96~1.72	.088	1.00	0.88~1.14	.995
Frailty	0.84	0.78~0.92	<.001	0.06	0.41~0.74	<.001	0.90	0.83~0.99	.029

Table 1 Characteristics of Participants by Gender (N=390)

^†Diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, stroke, arthritis, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer.

Table 2 Differences in Characteristics by Intention to Participate in Healthcare Programs Pulmonary Disease, and Cancer (N=390)

^†Diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, stroke, arthritis, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer.

Table 3 Factors Affecting Intention to Participate in Healthcare Programs (N=390)

^†Diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, stroke, arthritis, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer.