The Relationship between Cultural Competency and the Importance of Nurses' Qualities Perceived by Undergraduate Nursing Students

Kyung Sook Choi; Woo Sook Lee; Yeon Suk Park; Myunghee Jun; So Young Lee; Yeonwoo Park; Soo Young Park; Thongpriwan Vipavee

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.2.163

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Original Article
The Relationship between Cultural Competency and the Importance of Nurses' Qualities Perceived by Undergraduate Nursing Students: Kyung Sook Choi, Woo Sook Lee, Yeon Suk Park, Myunghee Jun, So Young Lee, Yeonwoo Park, Soo Young Park, Thongpriwan Vipavee; Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2016;27(2):163-172.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.2.163
Published online: June 30, 2016

¹Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.

²College of Nursing, Taegu Science University, Daegu, Korea.

³Department of Nursing, Kongju National University, Kongju, Korea.

⁴University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵Granduate School, Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.

⁶School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA.

• Received: April 9, 2016 • Revised: June 16, 2016 • Accepted: June 17, 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
NOTES

Abstract

Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities perceived by undergraduate nursing students.
Methods
Researchers developed two tools for this study after reviewing the related literature and conducting research team workshops: questionnaire of cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities. 200 nursing students were recruited in convenient sampling to respond to these questionnaires. Of nurses' 10 qualities, major affecting factors on the cultural competency were identified by stepwise multiple regression analysis.
Results
The nursing students perceived technical nursing skills and professional nursing knowledge as nurses' most important qualities. However, 'having a passion for patient care', 'demonstrating strong nursing profession's code of ethics??and 'teaching and research ability' were found as significant influencing factors on the variance of the cultural competency. These three factors explained 16% of the total variances of the cultural competency (F=13.98, p<.001).
Conclusion
The educational strategies to improve cultural nursing competency need to incorporate students' expectations for the professional nurses' roles. Also, further studies need to develop reliable and valid measurement tools for cultural competency
Key Words: Cultural competency; Cultural diversity; Nursing education; Nursing students

Table 1

General Characteristics of the Subjects and Mean Score of Cultural Competency (N=200)

Characteristics		n (%)	M±SD	t or F	p	Scheffé
Year of the students	Freshmen	100 (50.0)	65.63±6.56	3.12	.002
Year of the students	Senior	100 (50.0)	62.69±6.72	3.12	.002
Gender	Female	177 (87.5)	64.23±.6.45	0.38	.704
Gender	Male	23 (11.5)	63.66±9.07	0.38	.704
Level of academic performance	High (the top 30%)	61 (30.5)	64.05±6.54	0.27	.764
	Medium (31%~69%)	124 (62.0)	64.06±6.72
	Low (the bottom 30%)	15 (7.5)	65.40±8.48
Reason for entering nursing college	Aptitude	42 (21.0)	66.12±7.89	1.77	.136
	Desire for professional job	62 (31.0)	64.68±6.13
	Job security	53 (26.5)	62.98±5.65
	Significant other's recommendation	31 (15.5)	62.71±7.02
	Others	12 (6.0)	63.58±8.81
Moment when to choose the nursing as a major	Before starting high school^a	31 (15.5)	66.58±8.63	3.82	.005	a>b b<c
	Freshmen year in high school^b	27 (13.5)	60.30±4.09
	Sophomore year in high school^c	39 (19.5)	65.51±6.57
	Junior in high school^d	63 (31.5)	64.08±6.24
	After taking National college entrance exam^e	40 (20.0)	63.70±6.73
Total		200 (100.0)	64.16±6.78

Table 2

Mean score of Cultural Competency by Year of the Students (N=200)

Sub-scale	Number of item	Range	Total (n=200)	Freshmen (n=100)	Senior (n=100)	t	p
Sub-scale	Number of item	Range	M±SD	M±SD	M±SD	t	p
Cultural awareness and desire	9	1~5	3.56±0.44	3.64±0.43	3.47±0.43	2.77	.006
Cultural encounter	4	1~5	3.74±0.67	3.89±0.64	3.60±0.68	3.14	.002
Cultural nursing knowledge and skill	5	1~5	3.43±0.47	3.46±0.50	3.41±0.44	0.78	.435
Total score	18	18~90	64.16±6.78	65.63±6.56	62.69±6.72	3.13	.002

Table 3

Correlation among Age, Cultural Competency and the Importance of Nurse's Qualities. (N=200)

Variables	Age	CC	Q01	Q02	Q03	Q04	Q05	Q06	Q07	Q08	Q09	Q10
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Age (year)	1	-.03 (.646)	-.13 (.058)	-.23 (.001)	.014 (.841)	.08 (.220)	.02 (.837)	.12 (.093)	.08 (.263)	.04 (.575)	.04 (.601)	.12 (.095)
CC		1	.21 (.002)	.20 (.004)	.25 (<.001)	.22 (.002)	.33 (<.001)	.23 (.001)	.30 (<.001)	.29 (<.001)	.26 (<.001)	.24 (.001)
Q01			1	.65 (<.001)	.17 (.016)	.17 (.019)	.20 (.005)	.11 (.139)	.16 (.024)	.19 (.008)	.20 (.005)	.14 (.051)
Q02				1	.21 (.003)	.15 (.033)	.23 (.001)	.09 (.194)	.16 (.028)	.25 (<.001)	.30 (<.001)	.06 (.402)
Q03					1	.49 (<.001)	.45 (<.001)	.27 (<.001)	.30 (<.001)	.26 (<.001)	.20 (.004)	.32 (<.001)
Q04						1	.36 (<.001)	.49 (<.001)	.44 (<.001)	.29 (<.001)	.19 (.008)	.36 (<.001)
Q05							1	.28 (<.001)	.29 (<.001)	.39 (<.001)	.22 (.002)	.19 (.008)
Q06								1	.49 (<.001)	.25 (<.001)	.26 (<.001)	.34 (<.001)
Q07									1	.34 (<.001)	.30 (<.001)	.32 (<.001)
Q08										1	.47 (<.001)	.28 (<.001)
Q09											1	.25 (<.001)
Q10												1

CC=cultural competency; Q01=displaying the technical skills; Q02=having the professional nursing knowledge base; Q03=communication well with patients and family members; Q04=keeping the collaborative relationship with co-workers; Q05=having a passion for the patient care; Q06=maintaining physical health for herself or himself; Q07=demonstrating nursing profession's code of ethics; Q08=contributing to the nursing advancement; Q09=teaching and researching ability; Q10=having a sense of humor.

Table 4

The Mean Sore of the Students' Perceived Importance of Nurse's Qualities (N=200)

Importance of nurse's quality	Total		Freshmen		Senior
Importance of nurse's quality	Rank	M±SD	Rank	M±SD	Rank	M±SD
. Displaying the technical skills	1	4.71±0.48	1	4.75±0,46	3	4.67±0.49
. Having the professional nursing knowledge base	2	4.67±0.50	2	4.77±0.69	4	4.57±0.52
. Communicating well with patients and family members	3	4.65±0.50	3	4.60±0.51	1	4.71±0.48
. Keeping the collaborative relationship with co-workers	4	4.59±0.57	4	4.47±0.59	2	4.70±0.52
. Having a passion for the patient care	5	4.55±0.54	5	4.55±0.54	5	4.55±0.54
. Maintaining physical health for herself or himself	6	4.44±0.66	6	4.43±0.69	6	4.45±0.63
. Demonstrating nursing profession's code of ethics	7	4.42±0.67	7	4.43±0.66	7	4.40±0.68
. Contributing to the nursing advancement	8	3.91±0.69	8	3.95±0.67	8	3.88±0.70
. Teaching and researching ability	9	3.63±0.70	9	3.64±0.77	9	3.61±0.63
. Having a sense of humor	10	3.42±0.79	10	3.24±0.84	10	3.60±0.70

Table 5

Major Affecting Factors on Nursing Competency (N=200)

Affecting factors	B	SE	β	t	p
Q05	3.11	.86	.24	3.61	<.001
Q07	1.85	.71	.18	2.60	.010
Q09	1.48	.66	.15	2.14	.026
	R²=.16, F=13.98, p<.001

Q05=having a passion for the patient care; Q07=demonstrating nursing profession's code of ethics; Q09=teaching and researching ability.

NOTES

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2013R1A1A2011994).

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