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The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between acculturative stress and depression of Vietnamese immigrant workers in Korea.
Methods
The subjects were 230 Vietnamese immigrant workers residing legally in B or K City. Data were collected from July 12, 2014 to August 3, 2014, and were analyzed using the SPSS PASW 21.0 program.
Results
The average level of acculturative stress was 2.91 and there were significant differences in the score according to whether to have a religion, the number of homeland friends, and Korean language skill. The average depression level of the subjects was 15.3 and the level was different significantly according to whether to have a religion, the number of homeland friends, salary, working hours, and Korean language skill. Acculturative stress and depression showed a significant positive correlation with each other. The influencing factors of depression were acculturative stress and the number of homeland friends. The most significant factor was acculturative stress.
Conclusion
This result shows the necessity of various programs to diminish acculturative stress to control the depression of immigrant workers.
Degrees of Acculturative Stress and Depression (N=230)
Variables
M±SD
Acculturative Stress
2.91±0.41
Homesickness
3.26±0.69
The difficulty of communicating
3.10±0.66
Cultural shock
2.80±0.57
Prejudice/discrimination
2.79±0.75
Difficulties in the workplace
2.85±0.45
Difficulties in interpersonal relationships
2.66±0.50
Depression
15.33±7.32
Table 3.
Differences of Acculturative Stress and Depression according to General Characteristics of Subjects (N=230)
Characteristics
Categories
Acculturative stress
Depression
Scheffé
M±SD
t or F (p)
M±SD
t or F (p)
Gender
Male
2.89±0.41
1.16
14.90±7.04
1.68
Female
2.97±0.40
(.248)
16.84±8.12
(.095)
Age (year)
≤29
2.94±0.37
2.44
16.05±7.62
1.53
30~34
2.93±0.44
(.089)
15.02±7.08
(.218)
≥35
2.77±0.42
13.59±6.74
Education (year)
≤12
2.93±0.39
0.87
15.83±7.68
1.75
≥13
2.87±0.45
(.384)
13.92±6.03
(.082)
Marital status
Married
2.85±0.42
1.84
14.70±6.89
1.05
None
2.95±0.39
(.067)
15.74±7.59
(.294)
Religion
Have
2.96±0.41
2.63
16.09±7.00
2.39
None
2.81±0.39
(.009)
13.62±7.77
(.018)
Length of residence in Korea (month)
≤36
2.97±0.44
1.07
14.91±6.47
0.22
37~48
2.91±0.36
(.346)
15.31±7.71
(.805)
≥49
2.87±0.42
15.69±7.69
Living status
Alone
2.95±0.44
1.75
16.94±7.12
1.53
Foreigners
2.91±0.38
(.157)
14.45±6.79
(.206)
Vietnamese
2.86±0.41
14.61±7.69
Others
3.05±0.32
15.65±6.54
Number of homeland friends (n)
≤10
2.97±0.42
2.38
16.76±7.37
3.33
≥11
2.84±0.38
(.018)
13.60±6.91
(<.001)
Immigrant workers in company (n)
≤10
2.94±0.40
2.00
15.75±7.35
0.79
11~20
2.91±0.39
(.138)
14.31±7.06
(.453)
≥21
2.78±0.47
15.32±7.70
Type of shift
Day
2.92±0.39
0.08
15.44±7.28
0.12
Shift
2.90±0.42
(.922)
15.13±7.08
(.883)
Others
2.92±0.52
14.56±8.85
Frequency of transfer job
≤1
2.87±0.41
1.03
14.49±6.81
0.96
2
2.96±0.42
(.380)
15.96±7.67
(.414)
3
2.98±0.41
16.48±8.05
≥4
2.90±0.38
15.71±7.48
Monthly income (10,000 won)
≤150a
2.98±0.44
1.11
17.39±7.61
5.78
a>b>c
151~200b ≥201c
2.89±0.40 2.87±0.33
(.333)
15.01±7.15 11.35±5.77
(.004)
Working hours/week
≤60
2.93±0.42
0.88
16.10±7.40
2.32
≥61
2.88±0.37
(.379)
13.72±6.92
(.021)
Off day/month
≤2
2.85±0.39
1.46
12.70±8.15
2.54
3~4
2.92±0.41
(.227)
15.90±7.06
(.057)
5~6
3.04±0.38
16.75±7.15
≥7
2.81±0.40
13.15±7.38
Korean ability
Poor
3.05±0.35
3.86
16.90±8.77
2.88
Moderate
2.84±0.42
(<.001)
13.64±7.82
(.004)
a, b, c: Scheffé test.
Table 4.
Correlation of Acculturative Stress and Depression (N=230)
Variables
Acculturative stress r (p)
Depression
.49 (<.001)
Table 5.
Influencing Factors on Depression of the Subjects (N=230)
Variables
Categories
B
SE
β
t
p
(Constant)
−7.75
4.99
−1.55
.122
Religion
Have
1.84
1.02
.10
1.80
.073
None (ref.)
Number of homeland friends
≤10
2.23
0.97
.13
2.31
.022
≥11 (ref.)
Monthly income (10,000 won)
−0.26
0.16
−.10
−1.63
.105
Working hours/weeks
≤60
1.45
1.06
.08
1.36
.175
≥61 (ref.)
Korean ability
Moderate (11~20)
−1.15
1.02
−.07
−1.13
.258
Poor (4~10) (ref.)
Acculturative stress
8.39
1.22
.41
6.90
<.001
Adj. R2=.28, F=13.53, p<.001
Ref=Reference group.
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Figure & Data
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