Table 1Characteristics of Participants (N=301)
Variables |
Categories |
n (%) |
Gender |
Male |
32 (10.63) |
Female |
269 (89.37) |
Current year of study |
Junior |
175 (58.14) |
Senior |
126 (41.86) |
Having religion |
Yes |
135 (44.85) |
No |
166 (55.15) |
Perceived academic performance |
High |
99 (32.89) |
Middle |
143 (47.51) |
Bad |
59 (19.60) |
Bullying management class |
Yes |
97 (32.23) |
No |
204 (67.77) |
Teacher/nurse's help to deal with bullying |
Yes |
121 (40.20) |
No |
180 (59.80) |
Relationship between nurses and students |
Bad |
17 (5.65) |
Neutral |
203 (67.44) |
Good |
81 (26.91) |
Table 2Frequencies of Bullying Behaviors Experienced by Nursing Students
Variables |
n (%) |
Inappropriate, nasty, rude, or hostile behavior |
147 (48.84) |
Belittling or humiliating behavior |
118 (39.20) |
Negative or disparaging remarks about nursing's profession |
115 (38.21) |
Cursing or swearing |
114 (37.87) |
Being shouted at or being the target of spontaneous anger |
109 (36.21) |
Assignments made for punishment, task, work or rotation responsibilities made for punishment rather than educational purpose |
83 (27.57) |
Unmanageable workloads or unrealistic deadlines |
79 (26.25) |
Hostility after or failure to acknowledge significant clinical, research or academic accomplishment |
65 (21.59) |
Intimidating behavior such as finger-pointing, invasion of personal space, shoving, blocking/barring the way |
62 (20.60) |
Given a bad grade as punishment |
61 (20.27) |
Threats of violence or physical abuse or actual abuse |
52 (17.28) |
Spreading of malicious rumors or gossip about you |
50 (16.61) |
Being ignored and excluded or socially isolated |
49 (16.28) |
Table 3Relationship among Bullying and Psychological Well-being
Variables |
M±SD |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
1. Bullying |
5.24±6.74 |
1.00 |
|
|
|
2. Depression |
18.32±10.01 |
.19*
|
1.00 |
|
|
3. Self-esteem |
29.55±4.45 |
-.21**
|
-.64**
|
1.00 |
|
4. Academic major satisfaction |
21.81±4.16 |
-.18*
|
-.26**
|
.39**
|
1.00 |
Table 4Differences in Psychological Well-being according to Characteristics of Participants
Variables |
Categories |
Depression |
Self-esteem |
Academic major satisfaction |
M±SD |
t or F (p) |
M±SD |
t or F (p) |
M±SD |
t or F (p) |
Current year of study |
Third |
18.53±8.96 |
0.22 (.641) |
19.37±4.49 |
0.60 (.439) |
21.92±4.12 |
0.40 (.529) |
Fourth |
17.98±11.29 |
19.78±4.42 |
21.62±4.25 |
Gender |
Male |
15.77±9.59 |
2.21 (.138) |
20.06±5.10 |
0.49 (.486) |
22.75±3.89 |
1.88 (.171) |
Female |
18.59±10.03 |
19.48±4.38 |
21.68±4.20 |
Having religion |
Yes |
17.36±9.68 |
2.09 (.150) |
20.17±4.70 |
4.88 (.028) |
21.96±4.37 |
0.39 (.532) |
No |
19.06±10.23 |
19.04±4.19 |
21.66±4.01 |
Perceived academic performance |
Higha
|
14.73±8.79 |
10.02 (<.001) a<b, a<c |
21.55±4.29 |
19.12 (<.001) a>b, a>c |
23.19±3.84 |
10.05 (<.001) a>b, a>c |
Middleb
|
19.58±10.33 |
19.00±4.17 |
21.46±4.22 |
Lowc
|
21.02±9.55 |
17.52±4.16 |
20.31±3.99 |
Bullying management class |
Yes |
18.38±9.68 |
0.00 (.953) |
19.47±4.61 |
0.03 (.874) |
21.65±4.02 |
0.14 (.707) |
No |
18.31±10.17 |
19.56±4.39 |
21.84±4.25 |
Teacher/nurse's help to deal with bullying |
Yes |
16.70±9.49 |
4.98 (.026) |
20.36±4.35 |
6.73 (.010) |
22.39±4.03 |
3.84 (.051) |
No |
19.36±10.25 |
19.01±4.46 |
21.42±4.24 |
Relationship between nurses and students |
Bada
|
21.93±11.37 |
3.06 (.049) a>c, b>c |
17.50±3.71 |
6.05 (.003) a<c, b<c |
21.19±4.90 |
1.40 (.248) |
Neutralb
|
18.85±10.25 |
19.20±4.47 |
21.61±4.14 |
Goodc
|
16.21±8.85 |
20.86±4.28 |
22.46±4.07 |
Table 5Predictors of Psychological Well-being
Variables |
Depression |
Self-esteem |
Academic major satisfaction |
b (SE) |
β |
p
|
b (SE) |
β |
p
|
b (SE) |
β |
p
|
Bullying score |
0.20 (0.08) |
0.14 |
.016 |
-0.09 (0.04) |
-0.14 |
.011 |
-0.80 (0.04) |
-0.13 |
.023 |
Having religion |
-0.94 (1.10) |
0.05 |
.395 |
0.74 (0.46) |
0.08 |
.117 |
0.07 (0.47) |
-0.01 |
.894 |
Perceived academic performance (1=high) |
-5.74 (1.57) |
-0.27 |
<.001 |
3.80 (0.68) |
0.40 |
<.001 |
2.60 (0.67) |
0.30 |
<.001 |
Perceived academic performance (1=middle) |
-1.73 (1.46) |
-0.09 |
.236 |
1.62 (0.63) |
0.18 |
.010 |
1.17 (0.62) |
0.14 |
.060 |
Relationship between nurses and students (1=good) |
-5.01 (2.53) |
-0.23 |
.049 |
3.31 (1.09) |
0.33 |
.003 |
1.52 (1.08) |
0.16 |
.162 |
Relationship between nurses and students (1=neutral) |
-3.10 (2.38) |
-0.15 |
.194 |
2.00 (1.03) |
0.21 |
.053 |
0.87 (1.01) |
0.10 |
.394 |
Teacher/nurse's help to deal with bullying |
-1.37 (1.13) |
0.07 |
.226 |
0.63 (0.49) |
0.07 |
.193 |
0.51 (0.48) |
0.06 |
.291 |
F (p) |
5.33 (<.001) |
9.90 (<.001) |
4.44 (<.001) |
R2
|
.11 |
.19 |
.10 |