Table 1Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Subjects
Variables |
Categories |
Men |
Women |
Total |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
Age (year) |
65~74 |
1,281 (61.3) |
1,490 (52.1) |
2,771 (56.0) |
75~84 |
673 (32.2) |
1,018 (35.6) |
1,691 (34.2) |
≥85 |
136 (6.5) |
350 (12.2) |
486 (9.8) |
Education |
No education |
203 (9.7) |
967 (33.8) |
1,170 (23.7) |
≤Elementary school |
578 (27.7) |
1,159 (40.6) |
1,737 (35.1) |
Middle school or high school |
1,014 (48.5) |
660 (23.1) |
1,674 (33.8) |
≥College |
295 (14.1) |
71 (2.5) |
366 (7.4) |
Family net assets (10,000 won) |
<3,500 |
349 (16.7) |
715 (25.0) |
1,064 (21.5) |
3,500~9,999 |
424 (20.3) |
660 (23.1) |
1,084 (21.9) |
10,000~19,999 |
635 (30.4) |
755 (26.4) |
1,390 (28.1) |
≥20,000 |
682 (32.6) |
727 (25.4) |
1,409 (28.5) |
Family support |
Living with supported family |
1,151 (55.1) |
1,413 (49.5) |
2,564 (51.8) |
Living with unsupported family |
817 (39.1) |
837 (29.3) |
1,654 (33.4) |
Living alone |
122 (5.8) |
607 (21.2) |
729 (14.7) |
Number of diagnosed disease |
|
1.0±1.02 |
1.4±1.12 |
1.2±1.09 |
Total |
|
2,090 (100.0) |
2,857 (100.0) |
4,947 (100.0) |
Table 2Gender-stratified Prevalence of Having Difficulty in ADLs, Depressive Symptoms and Self-rated Health as 'poor' among Elderly (N=4,947)
Variables |
Having difficulty in ADLs |
Depressive symptoms |
Self-rated health as 'poor' |
Men |
Women |
Men |
Women |
Men |
Women |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
Total |
107 (5.1) |
186 (6.5)*
|
144 (6.9) |
255 (8.9)*
|
634 (30.3) |
1,317 (46.1)**
|
Age (year) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
65~74 |
32 (2.5) |
39 (2.6) |
74 (5.8) |
131 (8.8)**
|
298 (23.3) |
567 (38.1)**
|
75~84 |
53 (7.9) |
60 (5.9) |
52 (7.7) |
97 (9.5) |
268 (39.8) |
531 (52.2)**
|
≥85 |
22 (16.2) |
87 (24.9)*
|
18 (13.3) |
27 (7.7) |
68 (50.0) |
219 (62.6)**
|
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
No education |
21 (10.4) |
111 (11.5) |
23 (11.3) |
98 (10.1) |
97 (47.8) |
549 (56.7)*
|
≤Elementary school |
33 (5.7) |
56 (4.8) |
54 (9.3) |
110 (9.5) |
207 (35.8) |
549 (47.4)**
|
Middle or high school |
46 (4.5) |
18 (2.7) |
55 (5.4) |
45 (6.8) |
275 (27.1) |
206 (31.2) |
≥College |
7 (2.4) |
1 (1.4) |
13 (4.4) |
3 (4.2) |
56 (19.0) |
13 (18.6) |
Family net assets (10,000 won) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
<3,500 |
25 (7.2) |
63 (8.8) |
37 (10.6) |
93 (13.0) |
149 (42.7) |
450 (62.9)**
|
3,500~9,999 |
25 (5.9) |
41 (6.2) |
30 (7.1) |
56 (8.5) |
144 (34.0) |
308 (46.7)**
|
10,000~19,999 |
43 (6.8) |
46 (6.1) |
45 (7.1) |
60 (7.9) |
196 (30.9) |
310 (41.1)**
|
≥20,000 |
14 (2.1) |
36 (5.0)**
|
32 (4.7) |
46 (6.3) |
145 (21.3) |
248 (34.1)**
|
Family support |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Living with supported family |
38 (3.3) |
80 (5.7)**
|
53 (4.6) |
86 (6.1) |
300 (26.0) |
560 (39.6)**
|
Living with unsupported family |
62 (7.6) |
68 (8.1) |
70 (8.6) |
100 (11.9)**
|
294 (36.0) |
438 (52.3)**
|
Living alone |
7 (5.8) |
37 (6.1) |
21 (17.4) |
69 (11.4) |
40 (33.1) |
318 (52.4)**
|
Table 3Age Groups-stratified Prevalence of Having Difficulty in ADLs, Depressive Symptoms and Self-rated Health as 'poor' among Elderly (N=4,947)
Variables |
Having difficulty in ADLs |
Depressive symptoms |
Self-rated Health as 'poor' |
65~74 |
75~84 |
≥85 |
65~74 |
75~84 |
≥85 |
65~74 |
75~84 |
≥85 |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
Total |
70 (2.5) |
113 (6.7) |
109 (22.5) |
205 (7.4) |
150 (8.9) |
46 (9.4) |
865 (31.2) |
799 (47.3) |
288 (59.1) |
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No education |
20 (5.9) |
34 (6.4) |
79 (26.5) |
48 (14.2) |
50 (9.4) |
22 (7.4) |
163 (48.1) |
294 (55.2) |
189 (63.2) |
≤Elementary school |
22 (2.3) |
45 (7.1) |
21 (16.2) |
85 (8.7) |
63 (10.0) |
16 (12.3) |
377 (38.7) |
311 (49.1) |
68 (52.3) |
Middle or high school |
28 (2.3) |
29 (7.0) |
6 (14.6) |
64 (5.3) |
31 (7.5) |
5 (12.2) |
294 (24.2) |
165 (39.7) |
22 (53.7) |
≥College |
0 (0.0) |
5 (4.6) |
3 (18.8) |
8 (3.3) |
5 (4.6) |
3 (18.8) |
31 (12.9) |
31 (28.2) |
8 (50.0) |
Family net assets (10,000 won) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<3,500 |
22 (4.5) |
31 (7.2) |
35 (23.3) |
67 (13.8) |
44 (10.3) |
20 (13.3) |
240 (49.3) |
261 (61.0) |
99 (66.0) |
3,500~9,999 |
12 (2.2) |
28 (6.5) |
26 (24.3) |
36 (6.6) |
42 (9.7) |
8 (7.5) |
169 (31.0) |
210 (48.7) |
73 (68.2) |
10,000~19,999 |
30 (3.5) |
36 (8.4) |
23 (20.4) |
66 (7.8) |
27 (6.3) |
13 (11.5) |
256 (30.2) |
188 (43.7) |
63 (55.8) |
≥20,000 |
7 (0.8)**
|
18 (4.5) |
25 (21.6) |
36 (4.0)**
|
37 (9.2) |
5 (4.3) |
200 (22.5)**
|
140 (34.8)**
|
53 (45.3)**
|
Family support |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Living with SF |
24 (1.6) |
15 (4.3) |
21 (18.3) |
82 (5.3) |
45 (5.7) |
12 (5.0) |
395 (25.7) |
334 (42.3) |
130 (54.4) |
Living with UF |
38 (3.9) |
50 (9.0) |
42 (32.1) |
92 (9.5) |
63 (11.4) |
15 (11.5) |
372 (38.4) |
280 (50.5) |
81 (61.4) |
Living alone |
8 (3.0)**
|
48 (6.1)*
|
46 (19.2)**
|
31 (11.7)**
|
41 (11.8)**
|
19 (16.4)**
|
98 (36.8)**
|
185 (53.3)**
|
76 (65.5) |
Table 4Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% confidence intervals) of Having difficulty in ADLs, Depressive Symptoms and Self-rated Health as 'poor' among Men (N=2,090)
Variables |
Having difficulty in ADLs |
Depressive symptoms |
Self-rated Health as 'poor' |
Model I |
Model II |
% |
Model I |
Model II |
% |
Model I |
Model II |
% |
Adj. OR (95% CI) |
Adj. OR (95% CI) |
Adj. OR (95% CI) |
Adj. OR (95% CI) |
Adj. OR (95% CI) |
Adj. OR (95% CI) |
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥College |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Middle or high school |
1.85 (0.80~4.29) |
1.86 (0.80~4.35) |
|
1.12 (0.60~2.09) |
1.13 (0.60~2.12) |
|
1.60 (1.12~2.29)*
|
1.60 (1.11~2.29)*
|
0.0 |
≤Elementary school |
1.83 (0.77~4.37) |
1.82 (0.76~4.36) |
|
1.85 (0.98~3.51) |
1.85 (0.97~3.52) |
|
2.17 (1.49~3.17)**
|
2.12 (1.45~3.11)**
|
4.3 |
No education |
2.97 (1.18~7.51)*
|
2.68 (1.05~6.84)*
|
14.7 |
2.10 (1.00~4.38)*
|
2.00 (0.95~4.21) |
9.1 |
3.28 (2.09~5.16)**
|
3.13 (1.99~4.94)**
|
0.0 |
Family net assets (10,000 won) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥20,000 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
10,000~19,999 |
3.20 (1.68~6.11)**
|
3.16 (1.65~6.05)**
|
1.8 |
1.39 (0.86~2.24) |
1.30 (0.80~2.10) |
|
1.57 (1.19~2.08)**
|
1.58 (1.19~2.10)**
|
-1.8 |
3,500~9,999 |
2.26 (1.11~4.58)*
|
2.25 (1.10~4.59)*
|
-1.6 |
1.23 (0.72~2.09) |
1.42 (0.66~1.96) |
|
1.55 (1.14~2.11)**
|
1.57 (1.15~2.14)**
|
-3.6 |
<3,500 |
2.72 (1.34~5.53)**
|
2.49 (1.21~5.12)*
|
13.4 |
1.96 (1.18~3.28)*
|
1.57 (0.92~2.67) |
40.6 |
2.43 (1.77~3.34)**
|
2.42 (1.75~3.34)**
|
0.7 |
Family support |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Living with supported family |
|
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
Living with unsupported family |
|
2.29 (1.47~3.57)**
|
|
|
1.83 (1.25~2.66)**
|
|
|
1.53 (1.23~1.90)**
|
|
Living alone |
|
1.29 (0.55~3.04) |
|
|
3.68 (2.09~6.51)**
|
|
|
0.93 (0.59~1.47) |
|
Table 5Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% confidence intervals) of Having difficulty in ADLs, Depressive Symptoms and Self-rated Health as 'poor' among Women (N=2,857)
Variables |
Having difficulty in ADLs |
Depressive symptoms |
Self-rated Health as 'poor' |
Model I Adj. OR (95% CI) |
Model II Adj. OR (95% CI) |
% |
Model I Adj. OR (95% CI) |
Model II Adj. OR (95% CI) |
% |
Model I Adj. OR (95% CI) |
Model II Adj. OR (95% CI) |
% |
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥College |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Middle or high school |
1.92 (0.19~18.98) |
1.75 (0.20~17.38) |
|
1.47 (0.41~5.31) |
1.45 (0.40~5.25) |
|
1.38 (0.72~2.68) |
1.35 (0.70~2.62) |
|
≤Elementary school |
2.34 (0.24~22.59) |
2.13 (0.22~20.52) |
|
1.89 (0.53~6.75) |
1.79 (0.50~6.40) |
|
2.18 (1.36~4.19)*
|
2.08 (1.09~4.00)*
|
8.5 |
No education |
3.63 (0.37~35.10) |
3.23 (0.33~31.27) |
|
2.10 (0.58~7.58) |
1.94 (0.54~7.04) |
|
2.71 (1.39~5.26)**
|
2.59 (1.33~5.02)**
|
7.0 |
Family net assets (10,000 won) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥20,000 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
10,000~19,999 |
1.29 (0.80~2.07) |
1.34 (0.83~2.17) |
|
1.22 (0.81~1.83) |
1.24 (0.82~1.87) |
|
1.33 (1.06~1.68)**
|
1.36 (1.08~1.72)*
|
-9.1 |
3,500~9,999 |
1.05 (0.64~1.73) |
1.14 (0.69~1.88) |
|
1.20 (0.79~1.83) |
1.19 (0.78~1.81) |
|
1.43 (1.12~1.81)**
|
1.44 (1.13~1.84)*
|
-2.3 |
<3,500 |
1.29 (0.81~2.04) |
1.52 (0.94~2.46) |
|
1.86 (1.26~2.74)**
|
1.71 (1.15~2.55)**
|
17.4 |
2.58 (2.03~3.27)**
|
2.63 (2.06~3.36)**
|
-3.2 |
Family support |
|
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
Living with supported family |
|
1.45 (1.01~2.08)*
|
|
|
1.83 (1.34~2.49)**
|
|
|
1.43 (1.19~1.73)**
|
|
Living with unsupported family |
|
0.64 (0.41~1.01) |
|
|
1.60 (1.12~2.28)**
|
|
|
1.01 (0.81~1.26) |
|
Living alone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|