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Original Article
- Differences in the Characteristics of Sexual Abuse Victimization between Low- and High-Grade Elementary School Children and Correlations among the Characteristics
- Young-Ran Cho, Ji-Eun Kim, Kyung-Min Park
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Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2015;26(2):119-127.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.2.119
Published online: June 30, 2015
1Daegu Child Sexual Assault Response Center, Daegu, Korea.
2College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
• Received: April 3, 2015 • Revised: June 4, 2015 • Accepted: June 18, 2015
© 2015 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Abstract
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Purpose
- This study is attempted to figure out the characteristics of sexual abuse victimization in low- and high-grade elementary school children and furthermore to help develop appropriate preventive educational programs against sexual abuse by grade.
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Methods
- Data were collected from 156 sexual abuse victims who were elementary school children and visited the Child Sexual Abuse Response Center in D City during the period from 2010 to 2012. Differences in general and victimization-related characteristics between low and high graders and the correlations among the characteristics were analyzed.
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Results
- The results showed statistically significant difference between low and high graders in two variables: offender-victim relationship, and the type of sexual abuse. Offender-victim relationship was in a significant correlation with the duration of victimization (r=.576, p<.001), frequency of abuse (r=.546, p<.001), location (r=-.479, p<.001), and time (r=.435, p<.001). The type of sexual abuse was in a significant correlation with frequency (r=.175, p=.029) and time (r=.261, p=.001).
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Conclusion
- Appropriate educational programs should be developed for preventing sexual assaults in consideration of difference in victimization-related characteristics between low and high graders. In addition, such programs should be applied fittingly to the learners'grade, gender, and cognitive level.
Table 1
General Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse Victims (N=156)
Table 2
Victimization Characteristics between Lower and Upper Grade Victims (N=156)
Table 3
Correlation between Victimization Characteristics, Lower and Upper Grade Victims (N=156)
Table 4
Victimization Characteristics according to General Characteristics of Lower and Upper Grade Victims (N=156)
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(2): 222. CrossRef - Sexual Abuse Prevention Mobile Application (SAP_MobAPP) for Primary School Children in Korea
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XML DownloadDifferences in the Characteristics of Sexual Abuse Victimization between Low- and High-Grade Elementary School Children and Correlations among the Characteristics
Differences in the Characteristics of Sexual Abuse Victimization between Low- and High-Grade Elementary School Children and Correlations among the Characteristics
| Characteristics | Categories | Lower grade | Upper grade | x2 (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Gender | Male | 14 (20.9) | 16 (18.0) | 0.21 (.647) |
| Female | 53 (79.1) | 73 (82.0) | ||
| Disability | Yes | 9 (13.4) | 19 (21.3) | 1.63 (.202) |
| No | 58 (86.6) | 70 (78.7) | ||
| Two parent family | Yes | 43 (64.2) | 47 (52.8) | 2.03 (.155) |
| No | 24 (35.8) | 42 (47.2) |
| Characteristics | Categories | Lower grade | Upper grade | x2 (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Offender - Victim's relationship | Intrafamilial | 14 (20.9) | 35 (39.3) | 6.89 (.032) |
| Extrafamilial | 36 (53.7) | 41 (46.1) | ||
| Strangers | 17 (25.4) | 13 (14.6) | ||
| Types of the sexual abuse | Indecent assault | 54 (80.6) | 54 (60.7) | 11.95 (.003) |
| Analogous rape | 12 (17.9) | 19 (21.3) | ||
| Rape | 1 (1.5) | 16 (18.0) | ||
| Duration of the sexual abuse | 1 day | 39 (58.2) | 43 (48.3) | 2.50 (.287) |
| 2 days -1 year | 18 (26.9) | 24 (27.0) | ||
| >1 year | 10 (14.9) | 22 (24.7) | ||
| Frequency of the sexual abuse | 1 | 37 (55.2) | 43 (48.3) | 3.82 (.148) |
| 2~9 | 18 (26.9) | 18 (20.2) | ||
| ≥10 | 12 (17.9) | 28 (31.5) | ||
| Location of the sexual abuse | Indoor | 46 (68.7) | 70 (78.7) | 2.00 (.157) |
| Outdoor | 21 (31.3) | 19 (21.3) | ||
| Time at sexual abuse | Day | 39 (58.2) | 41 (46.1) | 3.03 (.220) |
| Night | 17 (25.4) | 24 (27.0) | ||
| Mixed | 11 (16.4) | 24 (27.0) |
| Variables | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r (p) | r (p) | r (p) | r (p) | r (p) | r (p) | |
| Victim's grade at assault (X1) | 1 | |||||
| Offender - Victim's relationship (X2) | .21 (.010) | 1 | ||||
| Types of the sexual abuse (X3) | .27 (.001) | .12 (.128) | 1 | |||
| Duration of the sexual abuse (X4) | .11 (.169) | .58 (<.001) | .12 (.133) | 1 | ||
| Frequency of the sexual abuse (X5) | .13 (.105) | .55 (<.001) | .18 (.029) | .89 (<.001) | 1 | |
| Location of the sexual abuse (X6) | -.11 (.159) | -.48 (<.001) | .03 (.721) | -.37 (<.001) | -.40 (<.001) | 1 |
| Time at sexual abuse (X7) | .03 (.761) | .44 (<.001) | .26 (.001) | .56 (<.001) | .58 (<.001) | -.15 (.062) |
| Characteristics | Classification | Lower grade | Upper grade | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Disability | Two parent family | Gender | Disability | Two parent family | ||||||||
| Male | Female | Yes | No | Yes | No | Male | Female | Yes | No | Yes | No | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Offender-Victim relationship | Intrafamilial | 3 (21.4) | 11 (20.8) | 1 (11.1) | 13 (22.4) | 11 (25.6) | 3 (12.5) | 2 (12.5) | 33 (45.2) | 6 (31.6) | 29 (41.4) | 15 (31.9) | 20 (47.6) |
| Extrafamilial | 7 (50.0) | 29 (54.7) | 6 (66.7) | 30 (51.7) | 20 (46.5) | 16 (66.7) | 14 (87.5) | 27 (37.0) | 10 (52.6) | 31 (44.3) | 24 (51.1) | 17 (40.5) | |
| Strangers | 4 (28.6) | 13 (24.5) | 3 (22.2) | 15 (25.9) | 12 (27.9) | 5 (20.8) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (17.8) | 3 (15.8) | 10 (14.3) | 8 (17.0) | 5 (11.9) | |
| x2 (p) | 0.12 (.923†) | 0.84 (.891†) | 2.73 (.255) | 13.69 (.001) | 0.62 (.734) | 2.33 (.312) | |||||||
| Types of the sexual abuse | Indecent assault | 9 (64.3) | 45 (84.9) | 5 (55.6) | 49 (84.5) | 33 (76.8) | 21 (87.5) | 10 (62.5) | 44 (60.3) | 7 (36.8) | 47 (67.1) | 31 (66.0) | 23 (54.8) |
| Analogous rape | 5 (35.7) | 7 (13.2) | 3 (33.3) | 9 (15.5) | 9 (20.9) | 3 (12.5) | 6 (37.5) | 13 (17.8) | 7 (36.8) | 12 (17.1) | 13 (27.7) | 6 (14.3) | |
| Rape | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (21.9) | 5 (26.3) | 11 (15.7) | 3 (6.4) | 13 (31.0) | |
| x2 (p) | 3.98 (.178†) | 8.64 (.027†) | 1.39 (.687†) | 5.90 (.041†) | 5.91 (.047†) | 9.76 (.008) | |||||||
| Duration of the sexual abuse | 1 day | 8 (57.1) | 31 (58.5) | 6 (66.7) | 33 (56.9) | 25 (58.1) | 14 (58.3) | 7 (43.8) | 36 (49.3) | 10 (52.6) | 33 (47.1) | 23 (48.9) | 20 (47.6) |
| 2 days -1 year | 5 (35.7) | 13 (24.5) | 2 (22.2) | 16 (27.6) | 13 (30.2) | 5 (20.8) | 7 (43.8) | 17 (23.3) | 5 (26.3) | 19 (27.1) | 14 (29.8) | 10 (23.8) | |
| >1 year | 1 (7.1) | 9 (17.0) | 1 (11.1) | 9 (15.5) | 5 (11.6) | 5 (20.8) | 2 (12.5) | 20 (27.4) | 4 (21.1) | 18 (25.7) | 10 (21.3) | 12 (28.6) | |
| x2 (p) | 1.24 (.588†) | 0.31 (1.000†) | 1.38 (.501) | 3.30 (.216†) | 0.23 (.892) | 0.78 (.677) | |||||||
| Frequency of the sexual abuse | 1 | 7 (50.0) | 30 (56.6) | 5 (55.6) | 32 (55.2) | 24 (55.8) | 13 (54.2) | 7 (43.8) | 36 (49.3) | 10 (52.6) | 33 (47.1) | 23 (48.9) | 20 (47.6) |
| 2~9 | 6 (42.9) | 12 (22.6) | 3 (33.3) | 15 (25.9) | 12 (27.9) | 6 (25.0) | 6 (37.5) | 12 (16.4) | 3 (15.8) | 15 (21.4) | 10 (21.3) | 8 (19.0) | |
| ≥10 | 1 (7.1) | 11 (20.8) | 1 (11.1) | 11 (19.0) | 7 (16.3) | 5 (20.8) | 3 (18.8) | 25 (34.2) | 6 (31.6) | 22 (31.4) | 14 (29.8) | 14 (33.3) | |
| x2 (p) | 2.92 (.268†) | 0.43 (.897†) | 0.23 (.889) | 3.96 (.138) | 0.33 (.849) | 0.15 (.927) | |||||||
| Location of the sexual abuse | Indoor | 11 (78.6) | 35 (66.0) | 5 (55.6) | 41 (70.7) | 30 (69.8) | 16 (66.7) | 12 (75.0) | 58 (79.5) | 14 (73.7) | 56 (80.0) | 36 (76.6) | 34 (81.0) |
| Outdoor | 3 (21.4) | 18 (34.0) | 4 (44.4) | 17 (29.3) | 13 (30.2) | 8 (33.3) | 4 (25.0) | 15 (20.5) | 5 (26.3) | 14 (20.0) | 11 (23.4) | 8 (19.0) | |
| x2 (p) | 0.81 (.522†) | 0.83 (.446†) | 0.07 (.793) | 0.16 (.739†) | 0.36 (.541†) | 0.25 (.617) | |||||||
| Time at sexual abuse | Day | 6 (42.9) | 33 (62.3) | 7 (77.8) | 32 (55.2) | 27 (62.8) | 12 (50.0) | 10 (62.5) | 31 (42.5) | 11 (57.9) | 30 (42.9) | 24 (51.1) | 17 (40.5) |
| Night | 5 (35.7) | 12 (22.6) | 1 (11.1) | 16 (27.6) | 8 (18.6) | 9 (37.5) | 4 (25.0) | 20 (27.4) | 2 (10.5) | 22 (31.4) | 12 (25.5) | 12 (28.6) | |
| Mixed | 3 (21.4) | 8 (15.1) | 1 (11.1) | 10 (17.2) | 8 (18.6) | 3 (12.5) | 2 (12.5) | 22 (30.1) | 6 (31.6) | 18 (25.7) | 11 (23.4) | 13 (31.0) | |
| x2 (p) | 1.73 (.370†) | 1.70 (.541†) | 2.95 (.229) | 2.69 (.296†) | 3.35 (.188) | 1.09 (.581) | |||||||
Table 1
General Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse Victims (N=156)
Table 2
Victimization Characteristics between Lower and Upper Grade Victims (N=156)
Table 3
Correlation between Victimization Characteristics, Lower and Upper Grade Victims (N=156)
Table 4
Victimization Characteristics according to General Characteristics of Lower and Upper Grade Victims (N=156)
†Fisher's exact test.
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
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© Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.
College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
E-mail: office@rcphn.org
© Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.