Figure 1Research frameworks based on Andersen's behavioral model of service use.
Table 1General Characteristics Before Propensity Score Matching (N=151)
Variables |
Characteristics |
Categories |
Min~Max |
Total (n=151) |
CG (n=109) |
IG (n=42) |
Distance†
|
x2 or t (w) |
p‡
|
n (%) or M±SD |
n (%) or M±SD |
n (%) or M±SD |
Predisposing characteristics |
Gender |
Male |
|
47 (31.1) |
34 (31.2) |
13 (31.0) |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
.571 |
Female |
|
104 (68.9) |
75 (68.8) |
29 (69.0) |
|
|
|
Age |
60~90 |
75.3±6.71 |
75.3±6.81 |
75.1±6.42 |
-0.19 |
0.15 |
.878 |
Living arrangement |
Alone |
|
42 (27.8) |
32 (29.4) |
10 (23.8) |
|
4.58 |
.206 |
Spouse |
|
52 (34.4) |
32 (29.4) |
20 (47.6) |
0.18 |
|
|
Adult children |
|
48 (31.8) |
38 (34.9) |
10 (23.8) |
-0.11 |
|
|
Etc |
|
9 (6.0) |
7 (6.4) |
2 (4.8) |
-0.02 |
|
|
Enabling resources |
Education |
0~16 |
4.2±4.19 |
4.0±3.98 |
4.7±4.69 |
0.71 |
2,142.50 |
.519 |
Religion |
Yes |
|
102 (67.5) |
70 (64.2) |
32 (76.2) |
0.12 |
1.98 |
.179 |
No |
|
49 (32.5) |
39 (35.8) |
10 (23.8) |
|
|
|
Household's monthly income |
2.87~696 |
117.3±127.39 |
124.8±138.80 |
97.9±89.92 |
-26.95 |
|
|
Subjective life status |
1~3 |
1.4±0.57 |
1.4±0.59 |
1.4±0.50 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
.849 |
Need |
Number of chronic disease |
0~9 |
2.3±1.56 |
2.0±1.58 |
2.9±1.49 |
0.42 |
1,910.50 |
.109 |
Disabled |
Yes |
|
43 (28.5) |
30 (27.5) |
13 (31.0) |
0.03 |
0.18 |
.409 |
No |
|
108 (71.5) |
79 (72.5) |
29 (69.0) |
|
|
|
Cognitive function |
0~30 |
20.8±5.22 |
21.3±4.49 |
19.6±6.50 |
-1.73 |
2,601.50 |
.194 |
Difficulty of daily living |
DV (Yes) |
|
35 (23.2) |
26 (23.9) |
9 (21.4) |
-0.02 |
0.10 |
.467 |
DH (Yes) |
|
28 (18.5) |
18 (16.5) |
10 (23.8) |
0.07 |
1.07 |
.210 |
DM (Yes) |
|
38 (25.2) |
28 (25.7) |
10 (23.8) |
-0.02 |
0.06 |
.495 |
Table 2General Characteristics After Propensity Score Matching (N=76)
Variables |
Characteristics |
Categories |
Min~Max |
MCG (n=38) |
MIG (n=38) |
Distance†
|
x2 or t (w) |
p‡
|
n(%) or M±SD |
n(%) or M±SD |
Predisposing characteristics |
Gender |
Male |
|
7 (18.4) |
11 (29.0) |
|
1.17 |
.421 |
Female |
|
31 (81.6) |
27 (71.1) |
0.11 |
|
|
Age |
63~90 |
75.0±6.17 |
75.0±5.86 |
0.08 |
0.06 |
.951 |
Living arrangement |
Alone |
|
5 (13.2) |
10 (26.3) |
|
3.39 |
.342 |
Spouse |
|
16 (42.1) |
16 (42.1) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Adult children |
|
16 (42.1) |
10 (26.3) |
-0.16 |
|
|
Etc |
|
1 (2.6) |
2 (5.3) |
0.03 |
|
|
Enabling resources |
Education |
0~16 |
4.2±4.01 |
4.7±4.86 |
0.50 |
2,142.50 |
.521 |
Religion |
Yes |
|
29 (76.3) |
28 (73.7) |
-0.03 |
0.07 |
.996 |
No |
|
9 (23.7) |
10 (26.3) |
|
|
|
Household's monthly income |
2.87~586.2 |
122.6±131.77 |
96.7±93.93 |
-25.86 |
2,370.50 |
.740 |
Subjective life status |
1~3 |
1.3±0.55 |
1.4±0.49 |
0.11 |
0.04 |
.856 |
Need |
Number of chronic disease |
0~9 |
2.9±1.75 |
3.0±1.54 |
0.05 |
1,910.50 |
.117 |
Disabled |
Yes |
|
12 (31.6) |
13 (34.2) |
0.03 |
0.06 |
.997 |
No |
|
26 (68.4) |
25 (65.8) |
|
|
|
Cognitive function |
0~30 |
20.3±4.81 |
20.8±5.18 |
0.50 |
2,601.50 |
.196 |
Difficulty of daily living |
DV (Yes) |
|
9 (23.7) |
8 (21.1) |
-0.03 |
0.08 |
.999 |
DH (Yes) |
|
7 (18.4) |
7 (18.4) |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
.999 |
DM (Yes) |
|
7 (18.4) |
9 (23.7) |
0.05 |
0.32 |
.786 |
Table 3Difference in Difference Analysis after Propensity Score Matching (N=76)
Indicator |
|
Groups |
Pre-service (2008) |
Post-service (2011) |
Post-Pre |
p |
Min |
Max |
M±SD |
M±SD |
M |
Health status |
Subjective health status |
Intervention |
8.4±1.55 |
4.3±1.23 |
-4.1 |
|
2 |
10 |
Comparison |
8.5±1.31 |
2.2±1.36 |
-6.3 |
|
Difference |
|
|
2.2 |
.044 |
Depression |
Intervention |
8.8±4.75 |
10.3±4.19 |
1.6 |
|
0 |
15 |
Comparison |
8.8±4.88 |
10.7±4.41 |
1.9 |
|
Difference |
|
|
-0.3 |
.039 |
Physical function |
Vision |
Intervention |
2.4±0.68 |
2.5±0.65 |
0.1 |
|
1 |
4 |
Comparison |
2.4±0.60 |
2.4±0.63 |
0.0 |
|
Difference |
|
|
0.1 |
.437 |
Hearing |
Intervention |
2.7±0.57 |
2.6±0.64 |
-0.1 |
|
1 |
4 |
Comparison |
2.6±0.50) |
2.6±0.49 |
0.0 |
|
Difference |
|
|
-0.1 |
.481 |
Mastication |
Intervention |
2.3±0.57 |
2.1±0.67 |
-0.2 |
|
1 |
4 |
Comparison |
2.1±0.53 |
2.0±0.57 |
-0.2 |
|
Difference |
|
|
0.0 |
.880 |
ADL |
Intervention |
19.4±1.48 |
18.7±2.21 |
-0.8 |
|
7 |
21 |
Comparison |
19.7±2.02 |
17.0±3.72 |
-2.7 |
|
Difference |
|
|
1.9 |
.027 |
IADL |
Intervention |
28.7±5.56 |
27.8±5.57 |
-0.9 |
|
10 |
33 |
Comparison |
29.3±5.50 |
24.5±5.15 |
-4.8 |
|
Difference |
|
|
3.9 |
.030 |