1차의과학대학교 간호대학 박사과정생
2차의과학대학교 간호대학 교수
1Graduate Student, College of Nursing, CHA University, Pocheon, Korea
2Professor, College of Nursing, CHA University, Pocheon, Korea
Copyright © 2023 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) which allows readers to disseminate and reuse the article, as well as share and reuse the scientific material. It does not permit the creation of derivative works without specific permission.
Conflict of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Funding
None.
Author contribution
Jeong, Kyoung Eun contributed to conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, project administration, visualization, writing - original draft, review & editing, investigation, resources, software, and validation. Suk, Min Hyun contributed to conceptualization, methodology, project administration, supervision, visualization, writing - review & editing, and validation.
Data availability
Please contact the corresponding author for data availability.
Variables | Uncertainty | Social Support | Caregiver Burden |
---|---|---|---|
Uncertainty | 1.00 | -.29 (.002) | .58 (<.001) |
Social Support | 1.00 | -.25 (.010) | |
Caregiver Burden | 1.00 |
Characteristic | Category | n |
Uncertainty |
Social Support |
Caregiver Burden |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean±SD | t/F(p) | Mean±SD | t/F(p) | Mean±SD | t/F(p) | |||||
Children with developmental disabilities | Gender | Male | 78 | 2.90±0.54 | 0.35 (.729) | 2.00±0.41 | 0.01 (.990) | 3.18±0.69 | 1.34 (.183) | |
Female | 33 | 2.86±0.46 | 2.00±0.35 | 2.99±0.66 | ||||||
Age (years) | ≤5 | 27 | 2.97±0.61 | 1.42 (.246) | 2.02±0.42 | 1.02 (.363) | 3.06±0.81 | 1.40 (.250) | ||
6-10 | 51 | 2.80±0.48 | 1.87±0.40 | 3.05±0.67 | ||||||
>10 | 33 | 2.97±0.48 | 1.91±0.34 | 3.29±0.59 | ||||||
Disability Type | Intellectual disability | 59 | 2.82±0.56 | 1.11 (.333) | 1.93±0.41 | 1.89 (.156) | 3.13±0.70 | 1.56 (.214) | ||
Autism Disorders | 39 | 2.98±0.46 | 2.06±0.35 | 3.21±0.54 | ||||||
Others | 13 | 2.92±0.48 | 2.11±0.34 | 2.83±0.94 | ||||||
Degree of disability | Grade 1 | 26 | 2.91±0.61 | 0.24 (.915) | 1.98±0.39 | 0.61 (.658) | 3.35±0.64 | 1.36 (.267) | ||
Grade 2 | 29 | 2.93±0.47 | 2.07±0.43 | 3.14±0.62 | ||||||
Grade 3 | 17 | 2.94±0.49 | 1.92±0.41 | 3.14±0.37 | ||||||
Doctor's opinion only | 30 | 2.83±0.54 | 2.01±0.33 | 3.05±0.78 | ||||||
Others | 9 | 2.83±0.42 | 1.89±0.40 | 2.63±0.96 | ||||||
Duration of treatment (months) | ≤24 | 42 | 2.88±0.52 | 0.01 (.989) | 2.02±0.38 | 0.73 (.485) | 3.10±0.75 | 0.15 (.857) | ||
25-72 | 33 | 2.90±0.46 | 2.03±0.40 | 3.10±0.60 | ||||||
>72 | 36 | 2.89±0.58 | 1.93±0.38 | 3.18±0.70 | ||||||
Treatment Costs (10,000won) | 10≤ & <50a | 58 | 2.89±0.47 | 1.45 (.239) | 1.96±0.36 | 0.70 (.499) | 3.04±0.66 | 4.70 (.011) b>a,c† | ||
50≤ & <100b | 31 | 2.99±0.56 | 2.01±0.36 | 3.42±0.56 | ||||||
>100c | 22 | 2.75±0.57 | 2.07±0.49 | 2.91±0.80 | ||||||
Timing of Doubts of Abnormal Findings(months) | ≤12 | 33 | 2.82±0.53 | 1.44 (.242) | 1.91±0.42 | 1.27 (.286) | 3.27±0.75 | 1.92 (.151) | ||
13-30 | 45 | 2.99±0.53 | 2.04±0.40 | 3.15±6.70 | ||||||
>31 | 33 | 2.83±0.48 | 2.03±0.33 | 2.95±0.57 | ||||||
Voucher Satisfaction Target and mount | Receiving | satisfieda | 50 | 2.84±0.51 | 1.96 (.146) | 2.14±0.41 | 7.36 (.001) a>c† | 3.08±0.64 | 3.84 (.024) b>c† | |
Not satisfiedb | 22 | 3.09±0.43 | 1.96±0.37 | 3.47±0.48 | ||||||
Not receivingc | 39 | 2.85±0.56 | 1.84±0.30 | 2.98±0.78 | ||||||
Mother | Age (years) | <40a | 36 | 2.89±0.51 | 0.05 (.948) | 2.10±0.42 | 3.42 (.036) a>c† | 3.01±0.69 | 2.68 (.073) | |
40-50b | 68 | 2.89±0.52 | 1.97±0.35 | 3.13±0.70 | ||||||
≥50c | 7 | 2.95±0.56 | 1.72±0.43 | 3.66±0.60 | ||||||
Education | High school | 29 | 3.00±0.48 | 1.82 (.167) | 2.03±0.41 | 0.19 (.828) | 3.12±0.64 | 0.02 (.985) | ||
University | 71 | 2.82±0.51 | 1.98±0.40 | 3.12±0.69 | ||||||
Master | 11 | 3.05±0.66 | 2.01±0.29 | 3.16±0.84 | ||||||
Religion | Christian | 23 | 2.75±0.61 | 0.90 (.443) | 2.08±0.39 | 0.96 (.415) | 2.98±0.74 | 2.04 (.112) | ||
buddhism | 12 | 2.99±0.46 | 2.10±0.38 | 3.51±0.41 | ||||||
Catholic | 17 | 2.85±0.47 | 1.93±0.39 | 3.27±0.55 | ||||||
Other | 59 | 2.94±0.50 | 1.96±0.39 | 3.06±0.72 | ||||||
Job type | Full time | 13 | 3.06±0.71 | 1.19 (.316) | 2.00±0.27 | 0.32 (.812) | 3.25±0.78 | 0.25 (.860) | ||
Part time | 25 | 2.90±0.54 | 2.01±0.45 | 3.14±0.65 | ||||||
House wife | 65 | 2.89±0.48 | 1.97±0.39 | 3.11±0.71 | ||||||
Other | 8 | 2.62±0.36 | 2.11±0.41 | 3.00±0.51 | ||||||
monthly income (10,000 won) | <200 | 11 | 3.14±0.56 | 0.74 (.569) | 1.99±0.41 | 0.26 (.906) | 3.23±0.68 | 0.20 (.936) | ||
200≤ & <300 | 20 | 2.90±0.49 | 1.99±0.45 | 3.11±0.57 | ||||||
300≤ & <400 | 24 | 2.84±0.44 | 2.06±0.32 | 3.03±0.60 | ||||||
400≤ & <500 | 25 | 2.84±0.50 | 1.96±0.41 | 3.16±0.59 | ||||||
≥500 | 31 | 2.88±0.60 | 1.97±0.39 | 3.14±0.89 |
Variables | Categories | n | % | M±SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Children with developmental disabilities | Gender | Male | 78 | 70.3 | ||
Female | 33 | 29.7 | ||||
Age (years) | ≤5 | 27 | 24.3 | 8.92±4.28 | ||
6-10 | 51 | 46.0 | ||||
>10 | 33 | 29.7 | ||||
Disability Type | Intellectual disability | 59 | 53.2 | |||
Autism Disorder | 39 | 35.1 | ||||
Others | 13 | 11.7 | ||||
Degree of disability | Grade 1 | 26 | 23.4 | |||
Grade 2 | 29 | 26.1 | ||||
Grade 3 | 17 | 15.3 | ||||
Doctor's opinion only | 30 | 27.0 | ||||
Others | 9 | 8.1 | ||||
Duration of treatment (months) | ≤24 | 42 | 37.8 | 64.32±55.30 | ||
25-72 | 33 | 29.7 | ||||
>72 | 36 | 32.4 | ||||
Treatment Costs (10,000won) | 10≤ & <50 | 58 | 52.3 | |||
50≤ & <100 | 31 | 27.9 | ||||
>100 | 22 | 19.8 | ||||
Timing of Doubts of Abnormal Findings(months) | ≤12 | 33 | 29.7 | 26.27±20.33 | ||
13-30 | 45 | 40.5 | ||||
>31 | 33 | 29.7 | ||||
Voucher Satisfaction Target and mount | Receiving | Satisfied | 50 | 45.0 | ||
Not satisfied | 22 | 19.8 | ||||
Not receiving | 39 | 35.1 | ||||
Mother | Age (years) | <40 | 36 | 32.4 | 41.60±5.53 | |
40-50 | 68 | 61.3 | ||||
≥50 | 7 | 6.3 | ||||
Education | High school | 29 | 26.1 | |||
University | 71 | 64.0 | ||||
Master | 11 | 9.9 | ||||
Religion | Christian | 23 | 20.7 | |||
Buddhism | 12 | 10.8 | ||||
Catholic | 17 | 15.3 | ||||
Other | 59 | 53.2 | ||||
Job type | Full time | 13 | 11.7 | |||
Part time | 25 | 22.5 | ||||
House wife | 65 | 58.6 | ||||
Other | 8 | 7.2 | ||||
Monthly income (10,000 won) | <200 | 11 | 9.9 | |||
200≤ & <300 | 20 | 18.0 | ||||
300≤ & <400 | 24 | 21.6 | ||||
400≤ & <500 | 25 | 22.5 | ||||
≥500 | 31 | 27.9 |
Variables | n | Mean±SD | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncertainty | 27 | 2.89±0.51 | 1.53 | 5.00 |
Inconsistencies | 7 | 2.68±0.50 | 1.43 | 5.00 |
Ambiguity | 12 | 3.05±0.73 | 1.25 | 5.00 |
Complexity | 4 | 2.35±0.57 | 1.00 | 5.00 |
Unpredictability | 4 | 3.30±0.69 | 1.75 | 5.00 |
Social Support | 60 | 1.99±0.39 | 1.17 | 4.00 |
Family Support | 20 | 2.70±0.63 | 1.15 | 4.00 |
Expert Support | 20 | 1.84±0.51 | 1.15 | 4.00 |
Public Authorities Support | 20 | 1.43±0.46 | 1.15 | 4.00 |
Caregiver Burden | 30 | 3.12±0.69 | 0.90 | 5.00 |
Family Burden | 11 | 2.45±0.73 | 2.75 | 5.00 |
Social burden | 8 | 3.14±0.87 | 1.00 | 5.00 |
Future Burden | 4 | 3.87±1.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 |
Burden of agency shortage | 3 | 4.17±0.94 | 1.00 | 5.00 |
Economic burden | 2 | 3.58±1.22 | 0.00 | 5.00 |
Psychological burden | 2 | 3.19±1.13 | 0.00 | 5.00 |
Variables | Uncertainty | Social Support | Caregiver Burden |
---|---|---|---|
Uncertainty | 1.00 | -.29 (.002) | .58 (<.001) |
Social Support | 1.00 | -.25 (.010) | |
Caregiver Burden | 1.00 |
Characteristic | Category | n | Uncertainty |
Social Support |
Caregiver Burden |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean±SD | t/F(p) | Mean±SD | t/F(p) | Mean±SD | t/F(p) | |||||
Children with developmental disabilities | Gender | Male | 78 | 2.90±0.54 | 0.35 (.729) | 2.00±0.41 | 0.01 (.990) | 3.18±0.69 | 1.34 (.183) | |
Female | 33 | 2.86±0.46 | 2.00±0.35 | 2.99±0.66 | ||||||
Age (years) | ≤5 | 27 | 2.97±0.61 | 1.42 (.246) | 2.02±0.42 | 1.02 (.363) | 3.06±0.81 | 1.40 (.250) | ||
6-10 | 51 | 2.80±0.48 | 1.87±0.40 | 3.05±0.67 | ||||||
>10 | 33 | 2.97±0.48 | 1.91±0.34 | 3.29±0.59 | ||||||
Disability Type | Intellectual disability | 59 | 2.82±0.56 | 1.11 (.333) | 1.93±0.41 | 1.89 (.156) | 3.13±0.70 | 1.56 (.214) | ||
Autism Disorders | 39 | 2.98±0.46 | 2.06±0.35 | 3.21±0.54 | ||||||
Others | 13 | 2.92±0.48 | 2.11±0.34 | 2.83±0.94 | ||||||
Degree of disability | Grade 1 | 26 | 2.91±0.61 | 0.24 (.915) | 1.98±0.39 | 0.61 (.658) | 3.35±0.64 | 1.36 (.267) | ||
Grade 2 | 29 | 2.93±0.47 | 2.07±0.43 | 3.14±0.62 | ||||||
Grade 3 | 17 | 2.94±0.49 | 1.92±0.41 | 3.14±0.37 | ||||||
Doctor's opinion only | 30 | 2.83±0.54 | 2.01±0.33 | 3.05±0.78 | ||||||
Others | 9 | 2.83±0.42 | 1.89±0.40 | 2.63±0.96 | ||||||
Duration of treatment (months) | ≤24 | 42 | 2.88±0.52 | 0.01 (.989) | 2.02±0.38 | 0.73 (.485) | 3.10±0.75 | 0.15 (.857) | ||
25-72 | 33 | 2.90±0.46 | 2.03±0.40 | 3.10±0.60 | ||||||
>72 | 36 | 2.89±0.58 | 1.93±0.38 | 3.18±0.70 | ||||||
Treatment Costs (10,000won) | 10≤ & <50 |
58 | 2.89±0.47 | 1.45 (.239) | 1.96±0.36 | 0.70 (.499) | 3.04±0.66 | 4.70 (.011) b>a,c |
||
50≤ & <100 |
31 | 2.99±0.56 | 2.01±0.36 | 3.42±0.56 | ||||||
>100 |
22 | 2.75±0.57 | 2.07±0.49 | 2.91±0.80 | ||||||
Timing of Doubts of Abnormal Findings(months) | ≤12 | 33 | 2.82±0.53 | 1.44 (.242) | 1.91±0.42 | 1.27 (.286) | 3.27±0.75 | 1.92 (.151) | ||
13-30 | 45 | 2.99±0.53 | 2.04±0.40 | 3.15±6.70 | ||||||
>31 | 33 | 2.83±0.48 | 2.03±0.33 | 2.95±0.57 | ||||||
Voucher Satisfaction Target and mount | Receiving | satisfied |
50 | 2.84±0.51 | 1.96 (.146) | 2.14±0.41 | 7.36 (.001) a>c |
3.08±0.64 | 3.84 (.024) b>c |
|
Not satisfied |
22 | 3.09±0.43 | 1.96±0.37 | 3.47±0.48 | ||||||
Not receiving |
39 | 2.85±0.56 | 1.84±0.30 | 2.98±0.78 | ||||||
Mother | Age (years) | <40 |
36 | 2.89±0.51 | 0.05 (.948) | 2.10±0.42 | 3.42 (.036) a>c |
3.01±0.69 | 2.68 (.073) | |
40-50 |
68 | 2.89±0.52 | 1.97±0.35 | 3.13±0.70 | ||||||
≥50 |
7 | 2.95±0.56 | 1.72±0.43 | 3.66±0.60 | ||||||
Education | High school | 29 | 3.00±0.48 | 1.82 (.167) | 2.03±0.41 | 0.19 (.828) | 3.12±0.64 | 0.02 (.985) | ||
University | 71 | 2.82±0.51 | 1.98±0.40 | 3.12±0.69 | ||||||
Master | 11 | 3.05±0.66 | 2.01±0.29 | 3.16±0.84 | ||||||
Religion | Christian | 23 | 2.75±0.61 | 0.90 (.443) | 2.08±0.39 | 0.96 (.415) | 2.98±0.74 | 2.04 (.112) | ||
buddhism | 12 | 2.99±0.46 | 2.10±0.38 | 3.51±0.41 | ||||||
Catholic | 17 | 2.85±0.47 | 1.93±0.39 | 3.27±0.55 | ||||||
Other | 59 | 2.94±0.50 | 1.96±0.39 | 3.06±0.72 | ||||||
Job type | Full time | 13 | 3.06±0.71 | 1.19 (.316) | 2.00±0.27 | 0.32 (.812) | 3.25±0.78 | 0.25 (.860) | ||
Part time | 25 | 2.90±0.54 | 2.01±0.45 | 3.14±0.65 | ||||||
House wife | 65 | 2.89±0.48 | 1.97±0.39 | 3.11±0.71 | ||||||
Other | 8 | 2.62±0.36 | 2.11±0.41 | 3.00±0.51 | ||||||
monthly income (10,000 won) | <200 | 11 | 3.14±0.56 | 0.74 (.569) | 1.99±0.41 | 0.26 (.906) | 3.23±0.68 | 0.20 (.936) | ||
200≤ & <300 | 20 | 2.90±0.49 | 1.99±0.45 | 3.11±0.57 | ||||||
300≤ & <400 | 24 | 2.84±0.44 | 2.06±0.32 | 3.03±0.60 | ||||||
400≤ & <500 | 25 | 2.84±0.50 | 1.96±0.41 | 3.16±0.59 | ||||||
≥500 | 31 | 2.88±0.60 | 1.97±0.39 | 3.14±0.89 |
Variable | B | SE | β | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 28.07 | 9.88 | .00 | 0.00 | .284 | |
Child age | 0.91 | 0.40 | .19 | 2.45 | .016 | |
Treatment | 50≤ & <100 | 10.63 | 0.37 | .23 | 2.91 | .004 |
Costs (10,000won) | & ≥100 | 0.180 | 4.24 | .00 | 0.97 | .040 |
Timing of Doubts of Abnormal Findings | 0.17 | 0.08 | .17 | 2.22 | .028 | |
Total Uncertainty | 0.73 | 0.11 | .51 | 6.85 | <.001 | |
R²=0.44, Adj R²=0.41, F=16.19, p=<.001, d(du)=1.806 |
Scheffé test
β=Standardized beta; SE=standard error.