Effects of Peer Mentoring Program on the Health Conservation in Elderly Women with Osteoarthritis

Article information

Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2017;28(3):227-239
Publication date (electronic) : 2017 September 12
doi : https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.3.227
1Department of Nursing, Gumi University, Gumi, Korea
2College of Nursing, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
Corresponding author: Nam, Jiran Department of Nursing, Gumi University, 37 Yaeun-ro, Gumi 39213, Korea. Tel: +82-54-440-1307, Fax: +82-53-810-7779, E-mail: sik4300@hanmail.net
Received 2017 April 02; Revised 2017 June 22; Accepted 2017 June 22.

Abstract

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of peer mentoring program on physical activity, knee joint function, self-care agency and social support, which are health conservation elements in elderly women with osteoarthritis.

Methods

This study used a quasi-experimental research design. It is a pretest-and-post 1, post 2 test design of a non-equivalent control group. The subjects were elderly women aged over 65 who were diagnosed with osteoarthritis. A total of 60 patients (experimental group 30, control group 30) who registered with the Senior Welfare Center in City G and in Region D participated in this study. The data were collected from June 29th to September 4th, 2015. The collected data were analyzed with x2 test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test and repeated measurement ANOVA.

Results

The experimental group showed a greater increase in physical activity, knee joint function, self-care agency and social support than the control group.

Conclusion

The results indicated that the peer mentoring program is effective in increasing physical activity, knee joint function, self-care agency and social support of elderly women with osteoarthritis.

Components of Peer Mentoring Program

Peer Mentoring Program of 16 Sessions

Homogeneity of General Characteristics and Health related Conditions between Tow Groups

Homogeneity of Dependent Variables between Two Groups

Repeated Measure ANOVA of Physical Activity, Knee Joint Function, Self Care Agency and Social Support between the Two Groups

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Article information Continued

Table 1.

Components of Peer Mentoring Program

Field Object Contents Arbitration
Conservation of energy Prevent fatigue by regulating energy input and output of female seniors with osteoarthritis. Appropriate physical activity ∙ Education on proper diet
Proper diet ∙ Necessity of exercise
∙ Proper exercise method
∙ "Be confident at 90" health exercise
∙ How to wear/use/read Fimeter
Structural combination preservation Recover and maintain the body structure by preventing joint deterioration of female seniors with osteoarthritis and preventing complications by increasing flexibility and healing of the joints. Maintain joint flexibility ∙ Proper ways to use joints
∙ Passive/active ROM excercise
∙ Muscle relaxation technique, aroma massage
∙ Proper application of cold and warmth therapy
Personal combination preservation Recover and maintain positive self-awareness through health peer mentoring for female seniors with osteoarthritis. Positive self-awareness ∙ Provide program booklet
∙ Self checklist
∙ Health diary
∙ Proper ways to take medication
∙ Pain control
Social integration preservation Maintain balance between social integration and independence through peer mentoring for female seniors with osteoarthritis. Formation of social support ∙ Mentoring principle and overview
∙ Deciding mentor and mentee
∙ Emotional support
∙ Confirming promises and problem solution
∙ Share pain experience

Table 2.

Peer Mentoring Program of 16 Sessions

Week Topic Contents Teaching methods
1 Understaning osteoarthritis

What is Osteoarthritis? (40 Min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet

- Expert lecture and demonstration

2 Understaning osteoarthritis

Pain from osteoarthritis (20 min)

Necessity of exercise and principles (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture

3 Proper exercise

"Be confident at 90" health exercise (40 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice)

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture and demonstration

- Mentee practice

4 Proper exercise

Daily life rules for joint protection (20 min)

"Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice)

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture and demonstration

- Mentee practice

5 Diet management

Proper diet (20 min)

"Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice)

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture and demonstration

- Mentee practice

6 Osteoarthritis management

Pain management METshod (20 min)

"Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice)

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture and demonstration

- Mentee practice

7 Osteoarthritis management

Aroma massage for pain relief (20 min)

"Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise and massage (practice)

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture and demonstration

- Mentee practice

8 Osteoarthritis management

Aroma Massage for pain relief (20 min)

"Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise and massage (practice)

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture and demonstration

- Mentee practice

9 Proper way to use joints

Range of joint movement (20 min)

Passive ROM exercise (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet ∙ Passive ROM Excercise (Practice)

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture and demonstration

- Mentee practice

10 Proper way to use joints

Proper ways to use joints (20 min)

Active ROM exercise (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet ∙ Active ROM Excercise (Practice)

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture and demonstration

- Mentee practice

11 Proper way to use joints

Passive ROM exercise (20 min)

Active ROM exercise (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice)

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture and demonstration

- Mentee practice

12 Osteoarthritis management

Proper ways on taking medication (20 min)

"Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice)

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture and demonstration

- Mentee practice

13 Osteoarthritis management

Proper application of cold and warmth therapy (20 min)

"Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice)

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture and demonstration

- Mentee practice

14 Osteoarthritis management

Applicatin of cold therapy (20 min)

"Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice)

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture and demonstration

- Mentee practice

15 Osteoarthritis management

Applicatin of warmth therapy (20 min)

"Be confident at 90" health exercise (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet ∙ Excercise (Practice)

- Expert observation

- Mentor lecture and demonstration

- Mentee practice

16 Exchange experiment

Sharing pain experience (20 min)

Presenting future plan (20 min)

Confirming promises and problem solution (10 min)

∙ Booklet

- Expert host

Table 3.

Homogeneity of General Characteristics and Health related Conditions between Tow Groups

Characteristics Categories Exp. (n=30) Cont. (n=30) x2 (p)
n (%) n (%)
Age (year) 65~<70 16 (53.3) 18 (60.0) 0.27 (.602)
≥70 14 (46.7) 12 (40.0)
Education Uneducated 10 (33.3) 8 (26.7) 1.84 (.398)
Elementary school 12 (40.0) 9 (30.0)
≥Middle school 8 (26.6) 13 (43.3)
Spouse With 23 (76.7) 22 (73.3) 2.10 (.350)
Without 7 (23.3) 8 (26.7)
Living status Alone 8 (26.7) 7 (23.3) 0.64 (.725)
A couple 8 (26.7) 6 (20.0)
With children 14 (46.7) 17 (56.7)
Care givers Self-care 9 (30.0) 8 (26.7) 0.10 (.992)
Spouse 7 (23.3) 7 (23.3)
Children 11 (36.7) 12 (40.0)
Other relatives 3 (10.0) 3 (10.0)
Monthly pocket money (10,000 won) <20 10 (33.3) 9 (30.0) 0.11 (.946)
20~<30 8 (26.7) 9 (30.0)
≥30 12 (40.0) 12 (40.0)
Alcohol Yes 3 (10.0) 6 (20.0) 1.18 (.472)
No 27 (90.0) 24 (80.0)
Exercise Yes 7 (23.3) 13 (43.3) 2.70 (.100)
No 23 (76.7) 17 (56.7)
Associated disease Yes 7 (23.3) 6 (20.0) 0.10 (.754)
No 23 (76.7) 24 (80.0)
Period of diagnosis (year) 0.5~<7 23 (76.7) 28 (93.3) 4.67 (.145)
≥7 7 (23.3) 2 (6.7)
Perceived health status Poor 13 (43.3) 8 (26.7) 1.90 (.387)
Moderate 13 (43.3) 16 (53.3)
Good 4 (13.3) 6 (20.0)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group;

Fisher's exact test.

Table 4.

Homogeneity of Dependent Variables between Two Groups

Variables Categories Exp. (n=30) Cont. (n=30) t (p)
M±SD M±SD
Physical activity Daily energy expenditure 1,191.03±219.37 1,243.47±138.41 1.11 (.273)
Daily exercise intensity 1.14±0.07 1.17±0.05 1.65 (.105)
Moderate intensity exercise 5.80±2.72 6.80±4.03 1.13 (.265)
Knee joint function K-WOMAC 55.90±7.18 54.56±14.10 4.54 (.652)
Right knee ROM 114.15±3.06 115.53±2.97 1.77 (.082)
Left knee ROM 114.64±2.69 115.88±3.18 1.64 (.107)
Self care agency 90.70±18.29 100.23±22.45 1.80 (.077)
Social support 44.76±10.57 49.30±9.92 1.71 (.092)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Table 5.

Repeated Measure ANOVA of Physical Activity, Knee Joint Function, Self Care Agency and Social Support between the Two Groups

Variables Group Pretesta Posttest 1b Posttest 2c Source F (p) Bon.
M±SD M±SD M±SD
Physical activity Daily energy expenditure (Kcal) Exp. (n=30) 1,191.03±219.37 1,348.00±200.49 1,506.37±191.84 Group 5.82 (.019) a<b<c
Cont. (n=30) 1,243.47±138.41 1,276.80±153.60 1,308.63±149.20 Time 19.95 (<.001)
G×T 8.62 (<.001)
Daily exercise intensity (METs) Exp. (n=30) 1.14±0.07 1.23±0.09 1.31±0.10 Group 16.63 (<.001) a<b<c
Cont. (n=30) 1.17±0.05 1.18±0.06 1.18±0.06 Time 27.77 (<.001)
G×T 18.51 (<.001)
Moderate intensity exercise (min) Exp. (n=30) 5.80±2.72 22.00±5.09 45.17±17.94 Group 140.41 (<.001) a<b<c
Cont. (n=30) 6.80±4.03 10.27±5.04 5.87±2.79 Time 97.84 (<.001)
G×T 112.41 (<.001)
Knee joint function K-WOMAC Exp. (n=30) 55.90±7.18 39.06±7.41 25.20±15.04 Group 31.01 (<.001) a<b<c
Cont. (n=30) 54.56±14.10 55.43±12.19 49.93±13.82 Time 51.68 (<.001)
G×T 56.77 (<.001)
Right knee ROM (°) Exp. (n=30) 114.15±3.06 119.47±1.36 125.27±1.36 Group 61.83 (<.001) a<b, c
Cont. (n=30) 115.53±2.97 114.76±2.45 115.16±2.45 Time 370.20 (<.001)
G×T 416.63 (<.001)
Left knee ROM (°) Exp. (n=30) 114.64±2.69 120.26±1.54 125.26±1.54 Group 46.61 (<.001) a<b, c
Cont. (n=30) 115.88±3.18 115.53±2.65 116.33±2.65 Time 604.06 (<.001)
G×T 516.00 (<.001)
Self care agency Exp. (n=30) 90.70±18.29 127.53±17.33 166.20±18.59 Group 81.30 (<.001) a<b<c
Cont. (n=30) 100.23±22.45 102.10±15.86 99.60±21.97 Time 60.87 (<.001)
G×T 63.06 (<.001)
Social support Exp. (n=30) 44.76±10.57 61.63±8.43 79.60±9.55 Group 40.14 (<.001) a<b<c
Cont. (n=30) 49.30±9.92 48.30±9.29 45.07±13.71 Time 78.53 (<.001)
G×T 128.25 (<.001)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; Bon.=bonferroni test.