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Women’s Health Status Working at Traditional Marketplaces and Their Needs for Public Health Care Services

Article information

Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2017;28(1):44-54
Publication date (electronic) : 2017 March 12
doi : https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.1.44
Won Ju Hwang1, Jin Ah Kim2, Hee-Gerl Kim,3
1College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University · East-west Nursing Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
2College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
3College of Nursing, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
Corresponding author: Kim, Hee-Gerl College of Nursing, Gachon University, 1342 Seongam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Korea. Tel: +82-31-750-5982, Fax: +82-31-750-8719, E-mail: hgkim@gachon.ac.kr
Received 2016 November 02; Revised 2017 March 10; Accepted 2017 March 10.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze health status of women working in traditional marketplace and their needs for public healthcare services.

Methods

A descriptive survey of 500 women working at three traditional marketplaces was conducted.

Results

street vendors’ health status were much poorer than store merchants’. Furthermore, psychosocial factors like job stress and depression were increased in street venders. Thus, the public healthcare programs required by them included exercise programs (28.2%) and health checkup (26.8%). In addition, 31.2% of the participants reported that they needed visiting nursing care services. The rate of occupational health and safety or employment insurances was as low as 10.8%.

Conclusion

Effective interventions including psychosocial factors for women workers at traditional marketplaces need to be developed based on these results. Also, it is recommended that public health care services such as outreach services and visiting nursing care services for women working at traditional marketplaces be provided. Furthermore, institutional provisions such as insurances for protecting these vulnerable groups’ health are needed.

Keywords: Occupational health nursing; Health services needs and demand; Needs assessment; Women’s health
Figure 1.

Study framework.

General Characteristics and Job-related Factors

Health Status and Status of Health Care Utilization

Needs for Public Health Service

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Copyright © 2017 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Study framework.

Table 1.

General Characteristics and Job-related Factors

Characteristics Categories n (%) or M±SD Shop merchants (n=325)
 Street venders (n=175)
 x2 or t p
n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
Age (year) ＜50 71 (14.2) 45 (13.8) 26 (14.9) 0.41 .937
50~59 179 (35.8) 115 (35.4) 64 (36.6)
60~69 172 (34.4) 115 (35.4) 27 (32.6)
≥70 78 (15.6) 50 (15.4) 28 (5.6)
59.28±9.91 53.47±9.22 58.95±10.93 0.48 .626
Educational level ≤Elementary school 136 (27.2) 77 (23.7) 59 (33.7) 8.42† .038
Middle school 156 (31.2) 105 (32.3) 51 (29.1)
High school 188 (37.6) 126 (38.8) 62 (35.4)
≥College 20 (4.0) 17 (5.2) 3 (1.7)
Marital status Married 409 (81.8) 274 (84.3) 135 (77.1) 9.37† .009
Unmarried 6 (1.2) 6 (1.8) 0 (0.0)
Divorced/separated 85 (17.0) 45 (13.8) 40 (22.9)
Job position Employer 435 (87.0) 296 (91.1) 139 (79.4) ＜.001
Employee 65 (13.0) 29 (8.9) 36 (20.6)
Job tenure (year) ＜10 98 (19.6) 45 (13.8) 53 (30.3) 27.37 ＜.001
10~19 130 (26.0) 78 (24.0) 52 (29.7)
≥20 272 (54.4) 202 (62.2) 70 (40.0)
19.32±11.93 21.03±12.01 16.11±10.93 4.52 ＜.001
Working hour (day) ＜8 35 (7.0) 20 (6.2) 15 (8.6) 1.02 .203
≥8 465 (93.0) 305 (93.8) 160 (91.4)
11.02±2.42 11.11±2.32 10.85±2.41 1.32 .186
Number of customer (hour) ＜5 201 (40.2) 141 (43.4) 60 (34.3) 4.17 .124
5~10 164 (32.8) 103 (31.7) 61 (34.9)
≥10 135 (27.0) 81 (24.9) 54 (30.9)
13.84±20.81 14.13±22.41 13.49±17.83 0.27 .785
Number of absence day (year) ＜5 477 (95.4) 312 (96.0) 165 (94.3) 1.23† .540
5~10 11 (2.2) 7 (2.2) 4 (2.3)
≥10 12 (2.4) 6 (1.8) 6 (3.4)
3.92±45.44 1.81±7.34 7.96±76.15 -1.42 .294
Experience of safety accident No 413 (82.6) 256 (78.8) 157 (89.7) 9.48 .001
Yes 87 (17.4) 69 (21.2) 18 (10.3)
Toilet accessibility No 60 (12.0) 38 (11.7) 22 (12.6) 0.08 .438
Yes 440 (88.0) 287 (88.3) 153 (87.4)
Healthy working environment No 354 (70.8) 212 (65.2) 142 (81.1) 13.93 ＜.001
Yes 146 (29.2) 113 (34.8) 33 (18.9)
Insurance No 446 (89.2) 283 (87.1) 163 (93.1) 4.34 .024
Yes 54 (10.8) 42 (12.9) 12 (6.9)
†

Fisher’s exact test.

Table 2.

Health Status and Status of Health Care Utilization

Variables Categories n (%) or M±SD Shop merchants
 Street venders
 x2 or t p
n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
Body Mass Index Underweight 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.6) 2.18† .534
Normal 214 (42.8) 139 (42.8) 75 (42.9)
Overweight 139 (27.8) 93 (28.6) 46 (26.3)
Obese 146 (29.2) 93 (28.6) 53 (30.3)
23.61±2.82 23.52±2.65 23.73±3.18 -0.58 .560
Physical activity Inactive 89 (17.8) 53 (16.3) 36 (20.6) 5.96 .051
Minimally active 324 (64.8) 206 (63.4) 118 (67.4)
HEPA active 87 (17.4) 66 (20.3) 21 (12.0)
Depression Probable depression (≥16) 264 (52.8) 156 (48.0) 108 (61.7) 8.58 .002
Suspicious depression (≥21) 155 (31.0) 70 (21.5) 85 (48.6) 38.86 ＜.001
Definite depression (≥25) 105 (21.0) 39 (12.0) 66 (37.7) 45.33 ＜.001
17.34±8.13 15.93±7.24 20.57±9.15 -5.65 ＜.001
Nutritive condition Good nutrition condition 137 (27.4) 100 (30.8) 37 (21.1) 9.95 .007
Moderate nutrition risk 149 (29.8) 102 (31.4) 47 (26.9)
High nutritive risk 214 (42.8) 123 (37.8) 91 (52.0)
5.54±4.25 5.03±3.81 6.71±4.72 ＜.001
Job stress (ERI>1) No 197 (39.4) 125 (38.5) 72 (41.1) 0.34 .312
Yes 303 (60.6) 200 (61.5) 103 (58.9)
Working posture Normal posture 141 (28.2) 91 (28.0) 50 (28.6) 0.97† .807
Slightly harmful 313 (62.6) 202 (62.2) 111 (63.4)
Distinctly harmful 36 (7.2) 26 (8.0) 10 (5.7)
Extremely harmful 10 (2.0) 6 (1.8) 4 (2.3)
Back pain 3.51±2.41 3.56±2.40 3.67±2.41 -0.31 .753
Work related musculoskeletal pain No 131 (26.4) 90 (27.9) 41 (23.6) .130
Yes 366 (73.6) 233 (72.1) 133 (76.4)
Perceived general health status Good 215 (43.0) 128 (39.4) 87 (49.7) 5.97 .050
Moderate 203 (40.6) 144 (44.3) 59 (33.7)
Poor 82 (16.4) 53 (16.3) 29 (16.6)
Regular medical checkup No 115 (23.0) 76 (23.4) 39 (22.3) 0.07 .436
Yes 385 (77.0) 249 (76.6) 136 (77.7)
Accessibility of visiting health care institution No 347 (69.4) 229 (70.5) 118 (67.4) 2.23 .327
Yes 152 (30.4) 96 (29.5) 56 (32.0)
Reasons for lack of accessibility to health care institution High cost 29 (19.0) 19 (19.8) 10 (17.9) 4.45† .814
Difficult to hospital reservation 13 (8.6) 8 (8.3) 5 (8.9)
Difficult to meet the time 70 (46.0) 44 (45.8) 26 (46.4)
Too long waiting time 14 (9.2) 8 (8.3) 6 (10.7)
Others 26 (17.2) 17 (17.8) 9 (16.1)
†

Fisher’s exact test.

Table 3.

Needs for Public Health Service

Variables Categories n (%) Shop merchants
 Street venders
 x2 p
n (%) n (%)
Intention of public health care utilization No 95 (19.0) 57 (17.5) 38 (21.7) 1.57 .455
Yes 368 (73.6) 245 (75.4) 123 (70.3)
Not available 37 (7.4) 23 (7.1) 14 (2.8)
Needs for public health care service Exercise 141 (28.2) 102 (31.4) 39 (27.7) 17.61† .062
Stress management 46 (9.2) 28 (8.6) 18 (10.3)
Drinking reduction campaign 1 (0.2) 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0)
Anti-smoking campaign 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Nutritional education 33 (6.6) 26 (8.0) 7 (4.0)
Dental care 21 (4.2) 11 (3.4) 10 (5.7)
Medical checkup 134 (26.8) 83 (25.5) 51 (29.1)
Chronic diseases management 68 (13.6) 35 (10.8) 33 (18.9)
Safety education 2 (0.4) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.6)
Work-realted musculoskeletal-DM 45 (9.0) 32 (9.8) 13 (7.4)
Not available 9 (1.8) 6 (1.8) 3 (1.7)
Reasons for unintended public health care utilization Healthy 10 (10.5) 6 (10.5) 4 (10.5) 15.70† .028
Not helpful 7 (7.4) 4 (7.0) 3 (7.9)
Shortage of time 34 (35.8) 21 (36.8) 13 (34.2)
Not interested 17 (17.9) 5 (8.8) 12 (31.6)
Low health care service quality 14 (14.8) 11 (19.3) 3 (7.9)
Not usually used hospitals 12 (12.6) 10 (17.5) 2 (5.3)
Needs for visiting nursing care service No 156 (31.2) 99 (30.5) 57 (32.6) 6.55 .038
Yes 279 (55.8) 192 (59.1) 87 (49.7)
Not available 65 (13.0) 34 (10.5) 31 (17.7)
Need for public health care facilities Rest facilities 106 (21.2) 74 (22.8) 32 (18.3) 10.64† .223
Restroom 148 (29.6) 100 (30.8) 48 (27.4)
Health counseling room 198 (39.6) 117 (36.0) 81 (46.3)
Society 17 (3.4) 13 (4.0) 4 (2.3)
Sports facilities 8 (1.6) 6 (1.8) 2 (1.1)
Sauna 5 (1.0) 2 (0.6) 3 (1.7)
Physical Therapy 1 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.6)
Swimming pool 2 (0.4) 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0)
Not available 15 (3.0) 11 (3.4) 4 (2.3)

DM=diseases management;

†

Fisher’s exact test.