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The Relationship between Health Belief and Exercise Compliance among Elderly Adults at Senior Centers

Article information

Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2015;26(2):79-88
Publication date (electronic) : 2015 June 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.2.79
Kyung Im Lee1, Young Eun2
1Department of Nursing, Jinju Health College, Jinju, Korea.
2College of Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
Corresponding author: Eun, Young. College of Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 816 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-987, Korea. Tel: +82-55-772-8233, Fax: +82-55-772-8209, yyoeun@gnu.ac.kr
Received 2015 February 02; Revised 2015 March 27; Accepted 2015 May 21.

Abstract

Purpose

The purposes of this study were to examine the relationship between health belief and exercise compliance among elderly adults at senior centers and to identify factors influencing their exercise compliance.

Methods

The subjects of this study were 100 elderly adults who were using senior centers in J City. Data were collected from the 5th of August to the 14th of September in 2014 using a questionnaire about general characteristics, health belief, and exercise compliance. Data analysis included one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program.

Results

The mean score for exercise compliance was 3.85 (range 1~5), and for perceived health state 3.17 (range 1~5). The mean score for each of the sub-factors of health belief was 3.89 for benefit, 1.94 for barrier, 3.34 for severity, 2.43 for sensitivity, and 3.65 for exercise self-efficacy (range 1~5). There was a significant correlation between exercise compliance and exercise benefit, and 28% of variance in exercise compliance was explained by exercise benefit in health belief, family history of illnesses, and perceived sensitivity in health belief.

Conclusion

To promote exercise compliance among elderly adults at senior centers, exercise programs emphasizing exercise benefit should be developed.

Keywords: Aged; Health; Self efficacy; Exercise

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Article information Continued

© 2015 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Table 1

General Characteristics of Subjects (N=100)

Characteristics Categories n (%)
Gender Male 7 (7.0)
Female 93 (93.0)
Age (year) M±SD=78.4±5.56 65~69 8 (8.0)
70~74 17 (17.0)
75~79 26 (26.0)
80~84 36 (36.0)
≥85 13 (13.0)
Spouse Yes 22 (22.0)
No 78 (78.0)
Education Illiteracy 27 (27.0)
Literacy 30 (30.0)
Elementary school 30 (30.0)
≥Middle school 13 (13.0)
Number of children 1~2 15 (15.0)
3~4 44 (44.0)
≥5 39 (39.0)
None 2 (2.0)
Religion Yes 91 (91.0)
No 9 (9.0)
Job Yes 5 (5.0)
No 95 (95.0)
Economic state Low 16 (16.0)
Middle 76 (76.0)
High 8 (8.0)
Number of medications 0 21 (21.0)
1~3 46 (46.0)
4~7 22 (22.0)
≥8 11 (11.0)
Using periods per senior centers (year) M±SD=77.8±55.54 (month) <2 18 (18.0)
2~<5 30 (30.0)
5~<10 42 (42.0)
≥10 10 (10.0)
Family history of illnesses Yes 22 (22.0)
No 78 (78.0)
Who asks to join in exercising of senior center to you? Health specialist 51 (51.0)
Family/principal 10 (10.0)
Friend/neighborhood 39 (39.0)

Table 2

The Degree of Research Variables in Subjects (N=100)

Variables M±SD Possible range
Exercise compliance 3.9±0.68 1~5
Perceived health state 3.2±0.74 1~5
Health belief Benefit 3.9±0.47 1~5
Barrier 1.9±0.66 1~5
Severity 3.3±0.77 1~5
Sensitivity 2.4±0.99 1~5
ESE 3.7±0.79 1~5

ESE=exercise self efficacy.

Table 3

The Differences of the Exercise Compliance according to General Characteristics of Subjects

Characteristics Categories n Exercise compliance
M±SD t or F (p)
Gender Male 7 3.8±0.42 -0.17 (.862)
Female 93 3.9±0.70
Age (year) M±SD=78.4±5.56 65~69 8 3.6±0.54 0.91 (.457)
70~74 17 3.8±0.66
75~79 26 3.8±0.73
80~84 36 3.9±0.64
≥85 13 4.2±0.76
Spouse Yes 22 3.7±0.69 -1.57 (.118)
No 78 3.9±0.67
Education Illiteracy 27 4.0±0.75 2.08 (.108)
Literacy 30 4.0±0.76
Elementary school 30 3.6±0.52
≥Middle school 13 3.8±0.53
Number of children 1~2 15 4.1±0.71 2.31 (.080)
3~4 44 3.7±0.64
≥5 39 4.0±0.66
None 2 3.3±0.94
Religion Yes 91 3.9±0.67 2.08 (.040)
No 9 3.4±0.59
Job Yes 5 3.9±0.36 0.26 (.790)
No 95 3.8±0.69
Economic Low 16 4.0±1.08 0.44 (.643)
Middle 76 3.8±0.57
High 8 3.8±0.68
Number of medications 0 21 3.8±0.65 0.20 (.895)
1~3 46 3.9±0.69
4~7 22 3.9±0.76
≥8 11 3.8±0.58
Using periods per senior centers M±SD=77.8±55.54 (month) <2 18 3.9±0.73 1.86 (.140)
2~<5 30 4.0±0.73
5~<10 42 3.7±0.63
≥10 10 3.9±0.49
Family history of illnesses Yes 22 4.1±0.60 1.99 (.049)
No 78 3.8±0.69
Who asks to join in exercising of senior center to you? Health specialista 51 3.7±0.68 5.30 (.007)
a<c
Family/principalb 10 3.7±0.37
Friend/neighborhoodc 39 4.1±0.67

a, b, c: Scheffétest.

Table 4

Correlation between Exercise Compliance and Other Variables in Subjects (N=100)

Variables Exercise compliance Perceived health state Health belief
Benefit Barrier Severity Sensitivity ESE
r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p)
Exercise compliance 1 .26 (.009) .45 (.000) -.30 (.003) .18 (.074) -.33 (.001) .26 (.009)
Perceived health state .26 (.009) 1 .28 (.005) -.01 (.935) .12 (.229) -.01 (.918) .12 (.237)
Health belief Benefit .45 (<.001) .28 (.005) 1 -.50 (<.001) .21 (.037) -.35 (<.001) .40 (<.001)
Barrier -.30 (.003) -.01 (.935) -.50 (<.001) 1 .14 (.158) .42 (<.001) -.22 (.028)
Severity .18 (.074) .12 (.229) .21 (.037) .14 (.158) 1 .17 (.089) .16 (.121)
Sensitivity -.33 (.001) -.01 (.918) -.35 (<.001) .42 (<.001) .17 (.089) 1 -.41 (<.001)
ESE .26 (.009) .12 (.237) .40 (<.001) -.22 (.028) .16 (.121) -.41 (<.001) 1

ESE=exercise self efficacy.

Table 5

The Influencing Factors on the Exercise Compliance (N=100)

Variable B SD β t p Adj. R2
(Constant) 2.22 0.60 0.40 3.71 <.001
Benefit 0.57 0.13 -0.23 4.28 <.001 .20
Family history of illnesses -0.37 0.14 -0.19 -2.62 .010 .05
Sensitivity -0.13 0.06 -2.07 .041 .03
Adj. R2=.28, F=4.29, p=.041.

Dummy variables (Without Family (parents, spouse, sister, brother, children), history of illnesses=0).