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Differences in the Characteristics of Sexual Abuse Victimization between Low- and High-Grade Elementary School Children and Correlations among the Characteristics

Article information

Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2015;26(2):119-127
Publication date (electronic) : 2015 June 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.2.119
Young-Ran Cho1, Ji-Eun Kim1, Kyung-Min Park2
1Daegu Child Sexual Assault Response Center, Daegu, Korea.
2College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
Corresponding author: Park, Kyung-Min. College of Nursing, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea. Tel: +82-53-580-3900, Fax: +82-53-580-3916, kmp@kmu.ac.kr
Received 2015 April 03; Revised 2015 June 04; Accepted 2015 June 18.

Abstract

Purpose

This study is attempted to figure out the characteristics of sexual abuse victimization in low- and high-grade elementary school children and furthermore to help develop appropriate preventive educational programs against sexual abuse by grade.

Methods

Data were collected from 156 sexual abuse victims who were elementary school children and visited the Child Sexual Abuse Response Center in D City during the period from 2010 to 2012. Differences in general and victimization-related characteristics between low and high graders and the correlations among the characteristics were analyzed.

Results

The results showed statistically significant difference between low and high graders in two variables: offender-victim relationship, and the type of sexual abuse. Offender-victim relationship was in a significant correlation with the duration of victimization (r=.576, p<.001), frequency of abuse (r=.546, p<.001), location (r=-.479, p<.001), and time (r=.435, p<.001). The type of sexual abuse was in a significant correlation with frequency (r=.175, p=.029) and time (r=.261, p=.001).

Conclusion

Appropriate educational programs should be developed for preventing sexual assaults in consideration of difference in victimization-related characteristics between low and high graders. In addition, such programs should be applied fittingly to the learners'grade, gender, and cognitive level.

Keywords: Primary school; Sexual abuse of child; Victimization

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Article information Continued

© 2015 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Table 1

General Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse Victims (N=156)

Characteristics Categories Lower grade Upper grade x2 (p)
n (%) n (%)
Gender Male 14 (20.9) 16 (18.0) 0.21 (.647)
Female 53 (79.1) 73 (82.0)
Disability Yes 9 (13.4) 19 (21.3) 1.63 (.202)
No 58 (86.6) 70 (78.7)
Two parent family Yes 43 (64.2) 47 (52.8) 2.03 (.155)
No 24 (35.8) 42 (47.2)

Table 2

Victimization Characteristics between Lower and Upper Grade Victims (N=156)

Characteristics Categories Lower grade Upper grade x2 (p)
n (%) n (%)
Offender - Victim's relationship Intrafamilial 14 (20.9) 35 (39.3) 6.89 (.032)
Extrafamilial 36 (53.7) 41 (46.1)
Strangers 17 (25.4) 13 (14.6)
Types of the sexual abuse Indecent assault 54 (80.6) 54 (60.7) 11.95 (.003)
Analogous rape 12 (17.9) 19 (21.3)
Rape 1 (1.5) 16 (18.0)
Duration of the sexual abuse 1 day 39 (58.2) 43 (48.3) 2.50 (.287)
2 days -1 year 18 (26.9) 24 (27.0)
>1 year 10 (14.9) 22 (24.7)
Frequency of the sexual abuse 1 37 (55.2) 43 (48.3) 3.82 (.148)
2~9 18 (26.9) 18 (20.2)
≥10 12 (17.9) 28 (31.5)
Location of the sexual abuse Indoor 46 (68.7) 70 (78.7) 2.00 (.157)
Outdoor 21 (31.3) 19 (21.3)
Time at sexual abuse Day 39 (58.2) 41 (46.1) 3.03 (.220)
Night 17 (25.4) 24 (27.0)
Mixed 11 (16.4) 24 (27.0)

Table 3

Correlation between Victimization Characteristics, Lower and Upper Grade Victims (N=156)

Variables X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p)
Victim's grade at assault (X1) 1
Offender - Victim's relationship (X2) .21 (.010) 1
Types of the sexual abuse (X3) .27 (.001) .12 (.128) 1
Duration of the sexual abuse (X4) .11 (.169) .58 (<.001) .12 (.133) 1
Frequency of the sexual abuse (X5) .13 (.105) .55 (<.001) .18 (.029) .89 (<.001) 1
Location of the sexual abuse (X6) -.11 (.159) -.48 (<.001) .03 (.721) -.37 (<.001) -.40 (<.001) 1
Time at sexual abuse (X7) .03 (.761) .44 (<.001) .26 (.001) .56 (<.001) .58 (<.001) -.15 (.062)

Table 4

Victimization Characteristics according to General Characteristics of Lower and Upper Grade Victims (N=156)

Characteristics Classification Lower grade Upper grade
Gender Disability Two parent family Gender Disability Two parent family
Male Female Yes No Yes No Male Female Yes No Yes No
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Offender-Victim relationship Intrafamilial 3 (21.4) 11 (20.8) 1 (11.1) 13 (22.4) 11 (25.6) 3 (12.5) 2 (12.5) 33 (45.2) 6 (31.6) 29 (41.4) 15 (31.9) 20 (47.6)
Extrafamilial 7 (50.0) 29 (54.7) 6 (66.7) 30 (51.7) 20 (46.5) 16 (66.7) 14 (87.5) 27 (37.0) 10 (52.6) 31 (44.3) 24 (51.1) 17 (40.5)
Strangers 4 (28.6) 13 (24.5) 3 (22.2) 15 (25.9) 12 (27.9) 5 (20.8) 0 (0.0) 13 (17.8) 3 (15.8) 10 (14.3) 8 (17.0) 5 (11.9)
x2 (p) 0.12 (.923†) 0.84 (.891†) 2.73 (.255) 13.69 (.001) 0.62 (.734) 2.33 (.312)
Types of the sexual abuse Indecent assault 9 (64.3) 45 (84.9) 5 (55.6) 49 (84.5) 33 (76.8) 21 (87.5) 10 (62.5) 44 (60.3) 7 (36.8) 47 (67.1) 31 (66.0) 23 (54.8)
Analogous rape 5 (35.7) 7 (13.2) 3 (33.3) 9 (15.5) 9 (20.9) 3 (12.5) 6 (37.5) 13 (17.8) 7 (36.8) 12 (17.1) 13 (27.7) 6 (14.3)
Rape 0 (0.0) 1 (1.9) 1 (11.1) 0 (0.0) 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 16 (21.9) 5 (26.3) 11 (15.7) 3 (6.4) 13 (31.0)
x2 (p) 3.98 (.178†) 8.64 (.027†) 1.39 (.687†) 5.90 (.041†) 5.91 (.047†) 9.76 (.008)
Duration of the sexual abuse 1 day 8 (57.1) 31 (58.5) 6 (66.7) 33 (56.9) 25 (58.1) 14 (58.3) 7 (43.8) 36 (49.3) 10 (52.6) 33 (47.1) 23 (48.9) 20 (47.6)
2 days -1 year 5 (35.7) 13 (24.5) 2 (22.2) 16 (27.6) 13 (30.2) 5 (20.8) 7 (43.8) 17 (23.3) 5 (26.3) 19 (27.1) 14 (29.8) 10 (23.8)
>1 year 1 (7.1) 9 (17.0) 1 (11.1) 9 (15.5) 5 (11.6) 5 (20.8) 2 (12.5) 20 (27.4) 4 (21.1) 18 (25.7) 10 (21.3) 12 (28.6)
x2 (p) 1.24 (.588†) 0.31 (1.000†) 1.38 (.501) 3.30 (.216†) 0.23 (.892) 0.78 (.677)
Frequency of the sexual abuse 1 7 (50.0) 30 (56.6) 5 (55.6) 32 (55.2) 24 (55.8) 13 (54.2) 7 (43.8) 36 (49.3) 10 (52.6) 33 (47.1) 23 (48.9) 20 (47.6)
2~9 6 (42.9) 12 (22.6) 3 (33.3) 15 (25.9) 12 (27.9) 6 (25.0) 6 (37.5) 12 (16.4) 3 (15.8) 15 (21.4) 10 (21.3) 8 (19.0)
≥10 1 (7.1) 11 (20.8) 1 (11.1) 11 (19.0) 7 (16.3) 5 (20.8) 3 (18.8) 25 (34.2) 6 (31.6) 22 (31.4) 14 (29.8) 14 (33.3)
x2 (p) 2.92 (.268†) 0.43 (.897†) 0.23 (.889) 3.96 (.138) 0.33 (.849) 0.15 (.927)
Location of the sexual abuse Indoor 11 (78.6) 35 (66.0) 5 (55.6) 41 (70.7) 30 (69.8) 16 (66.7) 12 (75.0) 58 (79.5) 14 (73.7) 56 (80.0) 36 (76.6) 34 (81.0)
Outdoor 3 (21.4) 18 (34.0) 4 (44.4) 17 (29.3) 13 (30.2) 8 (33.3) 4 (25.0) 15 (20.5) 5 (26.3) 14 (20.0) 11 (23.4) 8 (19.0)
x2 (p) 0.81 (.522†) 0.83 (.446†) 0.07 (.793) 0.16 (.739†) 0.36 (.541†) 0.25 (.617)
Time at sexual abuse Day 6 (42.9) 33 (62.3) 7 (77.8) 32 (55.2) 27 (62.8) 12 (50.0) 10 (62.5) 31 (42.5) 11 (57.9) 30 (42.9) 24 (51.1) 17 (40.5)
Night 5 (35.7) 12 (22.6) 1 (11.1) 16 (27.6) 8 (18.6) 9 (37.5) 4 (25.0) 20 (27.4) 2 (10.5) 22 (31.4) 12 (25.5) 12 (28.6)
Mixed 3 (21.4) 8 (15.1) 1 (11.1) 10 (17.2) 8 (18.6) 3 (12.5) 2 (12.5) 22 (30.1) 6 (31.6) 18 (25.7) 11 (23.4) 13 (31.0)
x2 (p) 1.73 (.370†) 1.70 (.541†) 2.95 (.229) 2.69 (.296†) 3.35 (.188) 1.09 (.581)

†Fisher's exact test.