Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Volume 15 (1); March 2004

Original Articles

Health Promoting Lifestyle and Need assessment of Health Promotion Program for the Rural Elderly: Jung Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):5-17. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify the health promoting lifestyle and need assessment of a health promotion program, and to develop a health promotion program for rural elderly.
METHOD
The subjects of the study were 366 adults chosen from 24 villages located in Geochang Gun, Korea. Data sampling used a quota sampling method. Analysis of the data was done by using descriptive statistics, t??test, ANOVA and the Scheffe test with SPSS.
RESULT
1) The average score of performance in the health promoting lifestyle was 1.85. In the subscales, the highest degree of performance was 'nutrition', followed by 'interpersonal relationships', 'health responsibility', 'stress management', 'spiritual growth', and the lowest degree of performance was 'physical activity'. 2) Health promoting lifestyles were significantly correlated with such demographic variables as age (F=2.684, p=.047), education (F=10.989, p=.000), monthly pocket money (F=3.516, p=.008), religion (F=7.160, p=.000), current health status F=3.375, p=.035), health education (t=2.476, p=.014). 3) Health promoting lifestyles were significantly correlated with such life style pattern variables as milk drinking (F=3.767, p=0.035), hobbies (t=3.072, p=0.002), exercise (t=??7.186, p=0.000). 4) There is a high level of need for the need assesment of the health promotion program for the elderly in the rural area.
CONCLUSION
With the above findings, I propose that it is necessary to understand a health promoting lifestyle and need assessment for a health promotion program, and to develop a health promotion program considering regional and environmental elements.

Effects of Community-based case Management Program on Functional Status and Caregiver Burden of Stroke Patients: Eun Young Kim, Jung Hyun Choi, Chang Yup Kim, Jee Yeon Shin, Ggod Me Yi, Kyung Ja June; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):18-28. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to analyze the changes in functional status and caregiver burden after a community-based case management program for stroke patients.
METHOD
This study was designed as a one group pre and post-test. A total of 61 stroke patients and their caregivers were sampled in three urban areas and two rural areas. Face to face interviews were conducted as a pre-test one week before intervention, and a post-test two weeks after intervention. The case management program consisted of four home visits and two telephone counseling sessions for assessment, education and providing information during the eight weeks. The collected data were analyzed with paired t-test.
RESULTS
First, significant differences in functional status, and specifically mobility and cognition, were found between pre-test and post-test. Second, caregiver burden, in particular, objective burden was significantly decreased after 8 weeks. Third, the positive response for the services increased after 8 weeks.
CONCLUSION
The community-based case management program was effective to improve the functional status of stroke patients and to decrease the caregiver burden.

Computer Input Frequency of Blood Glucose Self Testing in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Hee Seung Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):29-35. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the computer input frequency of blood glucose self-testing in type2 diabetic patients, for three months.
METHOD
39 participants were recruited from the endocrinology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in an urban city. The computer input frequencies were measured by patients' log in and input of http://www.biodang.com. Glycosylated haemoglobin was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography technique and fasting blood glucose was analyzed by the glucose oxidase method. Diabetes knowledge was measured by a 19-item diabetes knowledge test.
RESULTS
The computer input frequency of before breakfast blood glucose was 33.5 for three months. The total blood glucose input frequency tended to be lower in female, aged patients, middle school graduates, those who have no spouse and job, those who have no insulin treatment, obese subjects, and hyperglycemia patients, than in their counterparts. The diabetic knowledge was positively correlated with the computer input frequency of blood glucose self-testing.
CONCLUSION
An educational program should be developed to increase the computer input frequency of blood glucose self-testing in type2 diabetic patients.

Development of Web-Based Education Programs for School Health Nurses: Moon Sook Yoo, Il Young Yoo, Kyu Young Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):36-43. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The main objective of this study was to develop a continuing education program for school health nurses using the Internet, and evaluate the satisfaction of users.
METHOD
A survey using a self-reported questionnaire was done to identify areas where education is needed. A stratified random sampling method was employed to select 1,746 school health nurses and to receive the respondings from 584 school health nurses. The contents of the module for the education program were determined to be counseling and teaching techniques to meet health care needs related to sex, and cessation of smoking. The researchers wrote the educational content for the program, and the storyboards and illustrations appropriate to the module were constructed and the domain was registered. The web site was named "www.healthyyouth.org".
RESULTS
Three topics were identified where education is needed; youth and sex, youth and smoking, and counseling techniques for children, and programs were developed under the web site named, "www.healthyyouth.org". Over 90 percent of the respondents reported that the web site was useful and 100 percent reported that they would recommend the web site to other school health nurses.
CONCLUSION
The web-based program allowed school health nurses to study and improve their health care knowledge and skills. Since almost all schools in Korea have personal computers in the infirmary, accessibility to the program is excellent. Based on the results of this study, this type of education program will be a useful method for the continuing education of school health nurses.

A survey on the Needs of Residents' Health Education in a Community: Myeong Ja Moon, Myung Suk Lee, Yung Sook Jang, Hee Chung Choi, Hye Ja Kim, Hye Suk Kim, Mi Sun Park, Ja Yun Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):44-55. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
S: Purposes of this study were to assess the needs of health education of residents and to determine the difference according to their general characteristics in a community.
METHOD
Subjects consisted of 599 residents who live in the vicinity of M Catholic University, S-dong, M city, Jeollanam-do. Data were collected by 6 research assistants, using a self-reported questionnaire from July 1, 2003 to July 31, 2003.
RESULTS
Subjects were mostly female (58.8%), 20-30 years old(45.2%), married (70.1%), high school graduates(42.1%), have an occupation(73.1%), have incomes less than 1,000,000 won(54.2%) and have a religion(59.8%), and the family type of the subjects was primarily nuclear(64.1%). The need for education about 'family health care management and medical examination' was the highest in 8 domains. The need for education about 'cancer' was the highest and 'family health care', 'stress and strategies', 'introduction of medical examination' and 'oral care' followed in 41 items. The differences in the needs of health education in all domains was found according to subjects' general characteristics.
CONCLUSION
Further research is needed to develop a health education program based on participants' needs and general characteristics.

Evaluation of Visiting Nursing Services for the Vulnerable Family in Urban Community: Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):56-66. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to verify a change for family nursing phenomena and satisfaction of clients of vulnerable families in an urban community.
METHODS
The study subjects were 711 families, randomly selected, who had chronic diseases(arthritis diabetes, stroke, hypertension, mental disease, cancer, dementia) with basic social welfare services from the nation and had disabled persons in an urban community, South Korea. The instruments used were the family nursing phenomena in Korea by ICNP and client satisfaction. Client satisfaction consisted of client satisfaction on home visiting nurses(4-Likert scales) and home visiting services(3-Likert scales).
RESULTS
The average visiting number is 3.82. The service number of education and counseling is 3.16, patient and symptom management 3.08, assessment and diagnosis 3.08, test 2.02, medication service 1.71, dressing 1.01, referral to social welfare institute 1.00, referral to medical service institute 0.21. In both, pre-home visiting and post-home visiting, the highest rated phenomenon was the 'lack of social support system' and following that 'deficit of financial management skill and support', 'lack of family interaction in community', and 'social isolation' 'unhealthy life style' and 'inadequate care management of sick member', in that order. The percentages of phenomena besides 'deficit of financial management skill and support' decreased. The satisfaction level of clients towards the nurses was 3.27 points on a scale of 4, and the nursing services was 2.70 points on a scale of 3.
CONCLUSION
Home visiting nursing services should continue to provide comprehensive healthcare services and support for vulnerable families, in urban communities.

A study on the Status and Policy Issues of Visiting Nursing Programs at Public Health Centers in Urban Areas: Ho Shin Ryu, Rah Il Hwang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):67-75. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the current management status and the policy issues of visiting nursing programs at public health center in urban area.
METHOD
A questionnaire surveys was conducted on all public health nurses in 25 health centers in Seoul.
RESULT
The major results were as follows: The characteristics of the visiting nurse showed that the average age was 41.1 years, and total nursing experience was 122 months. Their visiting nursing experience was only 30 months. The recipients of visiting nursing services consisted of 60.1% females, and 32.5% of the recipients were over 65 years. The major health problems of the recipients were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arthritis and psychiatric problems. The visiting frequency was an average of 5.4 times per day, and 357 families were managed per visiting nurse. The major problems of visiting nursing programs were the shortages of visiting nurse manpower. The most important related policy issue was being in charge of a workload, which was not related to the visiting nursing services.
CONCLUSION
By analyzing work for visiting nurses and identifying weak points, this research can present recommendations to be practically used as baseline data for establishing policy in relation to vitalizing visiting nursing programs.

The Relationship between Retention of the Maternal Child Health Handbook, Awareness of DPT Additional Immunization and DPT Additional Immunization: Ihn Sook Jeong; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):76-83. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between retention of the maternal-child health handbook, awareness of DPT additional immunization and DPT additional immunization, and to provide basic information to enhance the DPT additional immunization rate.
METHOD
The study subjects were 312 women whose children were between four and six years old, and residing in six provinces of Gyungsangnam do. Data was collected with a 10 item questionnaire by interviews from July lst to 30th, 2003, and analyzed with descriptive statistics and X2 test at a significance level of 0.05. by two tailed test.
RESULTS
The awareness of DPT additional immunization was significantly higher in the women who retained the maternal-child health handbook, than their counterparts. The rate of DPT additional immunization was significantly higher in the women who were aware of the DPT additional immunization or who retained the maternal-child health handbook, than their counterpart.
CONCLUSION
The DPT additional immunization rate was related to retention of the maternal-child health handbook, and awareness of DPT additional immunization. Therefore it is recommended that measures be developed and taken to increase the retention rate of the maternal-child health handbook and awareness of DPT additional immunization, to enhance the rate of DPT additional immunization.

Health Care Management Status of Pre-Schoolers Depending on the Children's Characteristics: Kyung Sook Bang, Hye Ra Yoo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):84-94. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the health care management status of preschoolers depending on the children's characteristics.
METHODS
The sample of this study were 212 mothers of preschoolers attending Child-Care-Centers in three cities, Seoul, Daejon, and Suwon, in Korea. A self-administered questionnaire developed by investigators was used to collect data from September 15 to October 31, 2002. Data was analyzed with SPSS 11.5 Win program.
RESULTS
5.7% of the children had not completed their vaccination programs. Children who were second or later birth order showed less complete vaccination rates than firstborn babies. Children who had working mothers showed less complete vaccination rates than those whose mothers did not work. Among the various vaccinations, the DPT and MMR booster vaccination rates were the lowest. Home safety scores were higher when mothers have younger children, higher monthly incomes and reside in apartment type houses. Forty-one(41%) of the preschoolers experienced accidents, and the accident rate was higher in boys and children with easy temperament. The most frequently experienced accident was laceration. Twenty eight point eight percent(28.8%) of the children experienced hospitalization because of various diseases. Most of the mothers perceived their children healthy. However, children who were second or third born were perceived less as healthy. Children in families with less monthly income were perceived as less healthy.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provided basic data about preschoolers' health care management status focusing on vaccinations and accident rates. More attention should be paid to preschoolers' health and safety. Related factors found in this study should be considered when providing anticipatory guidance for parents.

A study of Adolescent Smoking Related Factors in the Seoul Area: Chung Yul Lee, Mi Hye Suh, Won Jung Cho, Sun Hyoung Bae, Kyung Hee Lee, Ok Kyung Ham, Ku Min Seo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):95-101. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing adolescent smoking behavior in the Seoul area.
METHOD
A total of 6,352 middle and high school students living in the Gangnam district of Seoul participated in the study. A self-report survey method was used to identify factors related to smoking.
RESULT
A stepwise logistic regression analysis identified four factors associated with adolescent smoking: living with a parent who smokes (OR=1.4), having friend(s) who smoke (OR=14.8), negative attitudes toward passive smoking(OR=4.8), and ignorance of the impact of smoking on health(OR=4.6).
CONCLUSION
Based on the study results, components of effective programs to reduce adolescent smoking rates should include programs to deal with peer pressure to smoke and to reduce the impact of parents who smoke, to increase knowledge of the impact of smoking, and to promote positive attitudes toward anti-smoking.

Prediction Model for Health Promotion Behaviors of the Workers in an Area: Mi Ja Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):102-109. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to confirm a structural model for health promotion for industrial workers.
METHODS
Data was collected by questionnaires from 294 industrial workers at a food manufacturing factory. The data collected were analyzed through SAS 8.1 and Window LISREL 8.12a.
RESULTS
1. The result of the test showed that the measurement of fitness was chi2=() 443.35, chi2/df 5.3415, GFI .86, AGFI .75, RMR .060, NFI .95, NNFI .93, CN 77.58, and those other than NFI and NNFI did not well fit into the practical data. 2. 15 out of 29 paths in a constructed model were statistically significant. 3. The measurements for total fitness in the modified model were chi2=() 146.51, chi2/df 1.8546, GFI .95, AGFI .91, RMR .042, NFI .98, NNFI .99, CN 223.44, all of which showed fitness in good shape to the practical data. 4. The result of the study for the modified model indicated that perceived self-efficacy had the most significant direct effect on health promotion behaviors, and self-esteem, perceived benefits of action, interpersonal influences, commitment to a plan of action were important factors having influences on them.
CONCLUSION
The derived model in this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting health promoting behavior of industrial workers. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested implication in nursing practice.

Factors Associated with the Stages of Changes in Drinking Behavior among Industria Workers, an Application of thel Transtheoretical Model: Hee Soon Kim, Keum Ee Kim, Myung Soon Kwon; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):110-121. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was performed to identify factors associated with drinking behavior using Transtheoretical Model in workers.
METHOD
The study method was a survey of 216 marine shipping metal workers in Koje city from November 11, 2002 to November 30, 2002.
RESULT
The subjects were divided in four stages of drinking behavior: 38.9% in pre-contemplation stage, 38.6% in contemplation stage, 17.6% in preparation stage and 7.9% in action & maintenance stage. The amount of drinking was significantly decreased as the workers progressed through each stage. Helping relationships(HR) and Self reevaluation(SR) were identified as the main processes of change in all stages. Self liberation(SEL), Counter conditioning(CC), Helping relationships(HR), Self reevaluation(SR), Dramatic relief (DR) and Social liberation(SL) were used higher than average. The self-efficacy score increased as the workers progressed through each stage, but not significantly. The Pros score of decisional balance was the highest in the pre contemplation stage and decreased as the workers progressed through each stage, but not significantly. The Cons score of decisional balance was the highest in the preparation stage, but not significantly in as the workers progressed through each stage.
CONCLUSION
This study can provide the basis of a staged matching alcohol-reducing program using TTM for more effective and useful intervention.

Socio-psychological Process of Families with Institutionalized Dementia Elderly: Ok Hee Anh, Eun Ok Joung, Mi Young Hyun, Yun Jin Seo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):122-131. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Effect of Spiritual Nursing Intervention on Spiritual Well-being and Depression of Hospice Patients: Jung Nam Kim, Mi Ok Song; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):132-144. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on the spiritual well-being and depression levels of hospice patients.
METHOD
The data for this study were collected from 62 patients who were admitted to the hospice care unit from July 28, 2002 to October 31, 2002 in D city K hospital. Subjects were 31 members of the experimental group and 31 members of the control group. It was devised with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The spiritual nursing intervention was given by using the therapeutic use of self, Scripture, prayer, Hymn and music, use of church community involvement and referrals to pastors according to the assessment of patients' spiritual needs for 3 weeks(total 12 times and 1 hour per each intervention). Sangsoon Choi (1990) and Jungho Kang(1996)'s spiritual well-being scale, which was modified from Palautzian and Ellison(1982)'s spiritual well-being scale, was used to investigate patients' spiritual well-being. To investigate the level of depression, OkHyun Song(1977)'s Depression Scale, which was modified from Zung(1965)'s Depression Inventory, was used. Data were analyzed by chi2-test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS/Win 10.0 program.
RESULTS
1. The 1st hypothesis, 'total spiritual well being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported (F=6.28, p=0.015, Interaction: p=0.000). 2. The 1-1st sub-hypothesis, 'religious well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=12.75, p=0.001, Interaction: p=0.000). 3. The 1-2nd sub-hypothesis, 'existential well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.87, p=0.016, Interaction: p=0.000). 4. The 2nd hypothesis, 'depression level in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be lower than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported (F=10.45, p=0.002, Interaction: p=0.000).
CONCLUSION
From the above results, spiritual nursing intervention was an effective program to improve the spiritual well-being state and decrease the depression levels of the hospice patients. In the future, with spiritual intervention, which the researcher developed, is applied in the nursing field, the hospice patients can have comprehensive well being including spiritual well being and die peacefully.

A Study on Impact of Flood Disaster and Quality of Life among the Flood Victims: Seon Hye Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):145-154. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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