Table 1General Characteristics of Beneficiaries with Designated Doctor System (N=200)
Characteristics |
Categories |
n (%) |
Gender |
Male |
70 (35.0) |
Female |
130 (65.0) |
Age (year) |
<65 |
67 (33.5) |
≥65 |
133 (66.5) |
Medical type |
1 |
189 (94.5) |
2 |
11 (5.5) |
Disability |
No |
126 (63.0) |
Physical disability |
42 (21.0) |
Brain lesions |
13 (6.5) |
Etc |
19 (9.5) |
Main disease |
SRID |
8 (4.0) |
CND |
81 (40.5) |
Other diseases |
111 (55.5) |
Number of Chronic disease |
1 |
101 (50.5) |
2 |
49 (24.5) |
3 |
35 (17.5) |
≥4 |
15 (7.5) |
Optional designation number of hospitals and clinics |
1 |
162 (81.0) |
2 |
30 (15.0) |
≥3 |
8 (4.0) |
Selective sorting |
Obvious applier |
197 (98.5) |
Voluntary participants |
3 (1.5) |
Table 2Characteristics of Designated Doctor System (N=200)
Characteristics |
Categories |
n (%) |
Type of medical institutions |
Health institution |
4 (2.0) |
Clinic |
102 (51.0) |
Hospital |
41 (20.5) |
General hospital |
41 (20.5) |
Senior general hospital |
12 (6.0) |
Medical department |
Internal medicine |
87 (43.5) |
Orthopedic |
45 (22.5) |
Neurology |
24 (12.0) |
Others |
44 (22.0) |
Region |
Big city |
11 (5.5) |
Middle city |
157 (78.5) |
Rural |
32 (16.0) |
Table 3A Change in Trend of Health Care Utilisation before and after the Introduction of Designated Doctor System based on the Characteristics of Individual Patient
Variables |
Characteristics |
Categories |
Before† (n=200) |
After‡ (n=200) |
Difference |
t (p) |
M±SD |
M±SD |
M±SD |
Total benefit day (day/year) |
Gender |
Male |
1,049.0±461.93 |
1,047.4±425.04 |
1.6±414.03 |
0.03 (.974) |
Female |
938.1±340.19 |
969.0±425.47 |
-30.9±458.64 |
-0.77 (.443) |
Age (year) |
<65 |
984.5±401.43 |
1,039.1±437.22 |
-54.6±412.17 |
-1.09 (.282) |
≥65 |
973.1±385.04 |
974.9±420.10 |
-1.8±457.88 |
-0.05 (.963) |
Medical type |
1 |
983.8±397.80 |
1,010.1±430.44 |
-26.2±450.95 |
-0.80 (.425) |
2 |
857.6±172.12 |
761.9±249.77 |
95.7±250.08 |
1.27 (.233) |
Disability |
No |
957.8±393.30 |
1,012.3±427.65 |
-54.4±379.64 |
-1.61 (.110) |
Physical disablity |
1,019.5±337.45 |
966.0±456.30 |
53.5±504.09 |
0.69 (.495) |
Brain lesions |
1,051.0±406.57 |
770.4±304.19 |
280.5±358.64 |
2.82 (.015) |
Etc |
958.8±472.80 |
1,113.4±379.62 |
-154.5±629.73 |
-1.07 (.299) |
Main disease |
SRID |
911.1±291.34 |
708.5±221.26 |
202.6±280.62 |
2.04 (.080) |
CND |
1,031.8±432.73 |
1,088.6±475.00 |
-56.7±532.33 |
-0.96 (.340) |
Other diseases |
941.6±359.53 |
949.9±382.72 |
-8.3±372.57 |
-0.24 (.814) |
Outpatient day (day/year) |
Gender |
Male |
109.0±109.45 |
111.0±121.27 |
-2.0±53.83 |
-0.31 (.757) |
Female |
106.0±79.56 |
100.5±87.30 |
5.5±76.14 |
0.83 (.407) |
Age (year) |
<65 |
104.6±92.24 |
110.0±107.10 |
-5.4±68.06 |
-0.66 (.515) |
≥65 |
108.3±90.50 |
101.2±97.01 |
7.1±69.50 |
1.18 (.240) |
Medical type |
1 |
109.0±92.47 |
106.6±102.36 |
2.4±70.22 |
0.47 (.638) |
2 |
73.2±47.51 |
61.7±34.41 |
11.5±47.44 |
0.81 (.438) |
Disability |
No |
103.3±89.66 |
106.7±105.59 |
-3.3±61.64 |
-0.61 (.541) |
Physical disability |
116.0±86.37 |
99.5±70.86 |
16.5±82.30 |
1.30 (.201) |
Brain lesions |
92.6±78.80 |
63.6±55.24 |
29.0±57.37 |
1.83 (.093) |
Etc |
121.7±116.94 |
125.2±136.42 |
-3.4±86.83 |
-0.17 (.866) |
Main disease |
SRID |
84.3±100.95 |
24.5±19.19 |
59.8±106.90 |
1.58 (.157) |
CND |
92.8±73.71 |
97.2±89.67 |
-4.3±70.01 |
-0.56 (.577) |
Other diseases |
119.1±100.04 |
115.0±108.26 |
4.1±63.80 |
0.68 (.499) |
Medication day (day/year) |
Gender |
Male |
902.4±419.44 |
891.6±376.04 |
10.8±386.28 |
0.24 (.815) |
Female |
815.4±301.43 |
842.6±389.31 |
-27.1±422.48 |
-0.73 (.465) |
Age (year) |
<65 |
842.2±368.47 |
882.7±397.03 |
-40.5±45.68 |
-0.89 (-.378) |
≥65 |
847.7±339.80 |
848.2±378.99 |
-0.4±427.15 |
-0.01 (.991) |
Medical type |
1 |
850.4±356.57 |
869.8±389.31 |
-19.4±417.60 |
-0.64 (.524) |
2 |
768.9±152.11 |
687.5±240.28 |
81.3±222.48 |
1.21 (.253) |
Disability |
No |
835.1±339.03 |
872.2±373.38 |
-37.1±351.72 |
-1.18 (.239) |
Physical disability |
880.5±328.26 |
860.4±425.47 |
20.0±471.40 |
0.28 (.784) |
Brain lesions |
895.5±391.82 |
595.8±363.74 |
299.6±356.12 |
3.03 (.010) |
Etc |
807.1±437.78 |
956.4±322.98 |
-149.3±555.10 |
-1.17 (.256) |
Main disease |
SRID |
784.8±327.22 |
552.2±319.77 |
232.6±331.14 |
1.99 (.087) |
CND |
897.8±394.47 |
945.6±440.94 |
-47.8±484.34 |
-0.89 (.377) |
Other diseases |
812.4±310.91 |
819.2±324.89 |
-6.8±347.28 |
-0.21 (.836) |
Inpatient day (day/year) |
Gender |
Male |
37.5±93.71 |
44.7±96.27 |
-7.2±43.22 |
-1.39 (.168) |
Female |
16.4±39.90 |
32.8±85.30 |
-16.3±76.42 |
-2.44 (.016) |
Age (year) |
<65 |
36.3±87.61 |
46.3±100.55 |
-10.0±64.74 |
-1.27 (.209) |
≥65 |
17.5±48.40 |
32.3±82.96 |
-14.7±67.89 |
-2.50 (.014) |
Medical type |
1 |
24.3±65.86 |
38.4±91.37 |
-14.0±68.45 |
-2.83 (.005) |
2 |
15.4±38.77 |
12.6±28.02 |
2.8±15.05 |
0.62 (.549) |
Disability |
No |
17.1±56.64 |
33.1±83.90 |
-16.0±71.48 |
-2.52 (.013) |
Physical disability |
29.6±60.54 |
27.8±63.18 |
1.8±51.66 |
0.23 (.819) |
Brain lesions |
62.7±103.36 |
111.0±167.61 |
-48.2±89.84 |
-1.94 (.077) |
Etc |
28.9±83.20 |
32.1±83.95 |
-3.2±26.54 |
-0.53 (.605) |
Main disease |
SRID |
81.0±131.55 |
131.7±178.60 |
-50.7±97.18 |
-1.47 (.183) |
CND |
37.3±86.75 |
57.8±115.55 |
-20.4±89.88 |
-2.05 (.043) |
Other diseases |
9.8±20.36 |
14.9±34.66 |
-5.1±37.03 |
-1.45 (.149) |
The number of utilizing hospital (a place/year) |
Gender |
Male |
17.5±11.18 |
16.3±12.26 |
1.1±10.17 |
0.96 (.339) |
Female |
17.6±10.41 |
15.0±9.80 |
2.6±9.95 |
3.00 (.003) |
Age (year) |
<65 |
18.2±11.97 |
16.8±11.74 |
1.4±10.39 |
1.11 (.273) |
≥65 |
17.2±9.95 |
14.8±10.13 |
2.4±9.86 |
2.88 (.005) |
Medical type |
1 |
17.7±10.76 |
15.6±10.92 |
2.0±10.15 |
2.79 (.006) |
2 |
15.1±8.54 |
12.1±5.07 |
3.0±7.89 |
1.26 (.236) |
Disability |
No |
17.4±10.23 |
15.7±10.37 |
1.6±9.93 |
1.89 (.061) |
Physical disability |
18.5±9.34 |
14.9±7.86 |
3.5±8.65 |
2.64 (.012) |
Brain lesions |
18.0±15.37 |
11.5±9.85 |
6.4±10.02 |
2.33 (.038) |
Etc |
16.7±12.98 |
17.8±17.24 |
-1.1±12.58 |
-0.38 (.706) |
Main disease |
SRID |
9.8±5.74 |
8.8±7.79 |
1.0±2.72 |
1.04 (.334) |
CND |
17.4±10.22 |
16.4±10.89 |
1.0±10.65 |
0.90 (.373) |
Other diseases |
18.2±11.06 |
15.3±10.66 |
2.9±9.86 |
3.16 (.002) |
Medical expense (1,000 won) |
Gender |
Male |
7,534±6,909 |
8,831±7,237 |
-1,297±5,118 |
-2.12 (.038) |
Female |
5,994±4,518 |
7,215±6,599 |
-1,220±6,392 |
-2.18 (.031) |
Age (year) |
<65 |
6,972±6,045 |
8,070±6,891 |
-1,097±5,497 |
-1.64 (.107) |
≥65 |
6,312±5,225 |
7,635±6,858 |
-1,323±6,205 |
-2.46 (.015) |
Medical type |
1 |
6,633±5,610 |
7,998±6,964 |
-1,364±6,097 |
-3.08 (.002) |
2 |
4,816±2,902 |
4,056±2,651 |
760±2,053 |
1.23 (.247) |
Disability |
No |
5,602±4,682 |
7,199±6,421 |
-1,596±5,752 |
-3.12 (.002) |
Physical disability |
7,448±4,888 |
7,522±5,635 |
-74±6,620 |
-0.07 (.943) |
Brain lesions |
1,140±8,077 |
1,317±1,196 |
-177±6,960 |
-0.92 (.378) |
Etc |
7,350±7,699 |
8,523±6,421 |
-1,173±5,207 |
-0.98 (.339) |
Main disease |
SRID |
9,673±8,746 |
12,433±1,324 |
-2,810±8,675 |
-0.92 (.390) |
CND |
8,155±6,956 |
9,523±7,652 |
-1,368±7,124 |
-1.73 (.088) |
Other diseases |
5,123±3,184 |
6,170±4,980 |
-1,047±4,735 |
-2.33 (.022) |
Table 4A Change in Trend of Health Care Utilisation before and after the Introduction of Designated Doctor System based on the Characteristics of Health Care Facilities
Variables |
Characteristics |
Categories |
Before† (n=200) |
After‡ (n=200) |
Difference |
t (p) |
M±SD |
M±SD |
M±SD |
Total benefit day (day/year) |
Type of medical institutions |
Health institution |
726.2±426.16 |
724.2±69.86 |
2.0±420.92 |
0.01 (.993) |
Clinic |
972.2±373.14 |
1,005.2±394.31 |
-33.7±400.26 |
-0.84 (.406) |
Hospital |
911.6±370.67 |
913.2±373.20 |
-1.5±505.30 |
-0.02 (.984) |
General hospital |
1,032.6±451.44 |
1,077.9±554.52 |
-45.3±500.14 |
-0.58 (.565) |
Senior general hospital |
1,133.5±317.13 |
1,018.2±386.18 |
115.2±404.60 |
0.99 (.345) |
Medical department |
Internal medicine |
946.2±363.07 |
953.6±412.63 |
-7.3±445.99 |
-0.15 (.878) |
Orthopedic |
930.4±341.32 |
993.9±367.31 |
-63.4±435.07 |
-0.98 (.333) |
Neurology |
1,171.6±498.72 |
1,127.4±634.92 |
44.2±545.01 |
0.40 (.695) |
Others |
978.9±401.72 |
1,012.3±362.89 |
-33.3±389.94 |
-0.57 (.573) |
Region |
Big city |
1,338.9±582.63 |
1,219.9±568.38 |
119.0±526.29 |
0.75 (.471) |
Middle city |
939.1±364.03 |
967.0±413.82 |
-27.9±434.11 |
-0.81 (.421) |
Rural |
1,037.9±375.00 |
1,063.8±414.30 |
-25.9±462.10 |
-0.32 (.753) |
Outpatient day (day/year) |
Type of medical institutions |
Health institution |
80.0±73.38 |
84.2±27.48 |
-4.2±68.88 |
-0.12 (.910) |
Clinic |
125.8±108.06 |
128.4±116.40 |
-2.5±71.27 |
-0.36 (.717) |
Hospital |
93.6±71.56 |
72.3±56.37 |
21.2±71.71 |
1.90 (.065) |
General hospital |
81.8±57.28 |
89.5±92.72 |
-7.7±67.39 |
-0.74 (.467) |
Senior general hospital |
89.2±56.87 |
63.7±51.96 |
25.5±26.84 |
3.29 (.007) |
Medical department |
Internal medicine |
95.2±74.37 |
84.9±73.04 |
10.2±67.10 |
1.43 (.157) |
Orthopedic |
132.5±106.97 |
141.2±116.78 |
-8.7±80.33 |
-0.73 (.471) |
Neurology |
107.0±77.31 |
109.4±112.88 |
-2.4±74.86 |
-0.16 (.876) |
Others |
104.6±106.23 |
101.4±113.71 |
3.1±56.82 |
0.37 (.714) |
Region |
Big city |
82.0±73.67 |
80.9±62.22 |
1.0±40.73 |
0.09 (.931) |
Middle city |
101.3±84.13 |
94.7±93.61 |
6.5±71.02 |
1.16 (.248) |
Rural |
144.2±117.58 |
158.6±124.69 |
-14.4±66.04 |
-1.24 (.226) |
Medication day (day/year) |
Type of medical institutions |
Health institution |
631.7±393.68 |
591.5±93.02 |
40.2±383.83 |
0.21 (.847) |
Clinic |
830.8±312.07 |
862.2±325.26 |
-31.4±347.14 |
-0.91 (.363) |
Hospital |
770.5±343.35 |
758.8±387.24 |
11.7±500.55 |
0.15 (.881) |
General hospital |
930.4±421.09 |
970.3±488.63 |
-39.9±456.55 |
-0.56 (.578) |
Senior general hospital |
1,014.5±304.65 |
895.5±419.26 |
119.0±437.31 |
0.94 (.366) |
Medical department |
Internal medicine |
831.8±325.92 |
845.7±367.95 |
-13.8±408.38 |
-0.32 (.752) |
Orthopedic |
779.0±295.22 |
825.9±312.32 |
-46.8±387.31 |
-0.81 (.421) |
Neurology |
1,027.4±477.28 |
936.8±642.33 |
90.5±542.71 |
0.82 (.422) |
Others |
843.0±340.47 |
880.0±295.81 |
-37.0±352.20 |
-0.70 (.489) |
Region |
Big city |
1,195.5±545.47 |
1,070.5±553.07 |
125.0±507.43 |
0.82 (.433) |
Middle city |
813.5±323.17 |
833.8±378.08 |
-20.2±402.90 |
-0.63 (.529) |
Rural |
884.5±330.12 |
914.6±329.61 |
-30.0±411.93 |
-0.41 (.683) |
Inpatient day (day/year) |
Type of medical institutions |
Health institution |
14.5±28.33 |
48.5±74.40 |
-34.0±82.51 |
-0.82 (.470) |
Clinic |
12.5±39.44 |
24.3±67.72 |
-11.7±61.81 |
-1.92 (.058) |
Hospital |
54.6±111.65 |
80.1±136.58 |
-25.4±92.78 |
-1.76 (.086) |
General hospital |
20.3±38.28 |
18.0±37.95 |
2.3±31.45 |
0.48 (.633) |
Senior general hospital |
29.7±74.84 |
59.0±130.50 |
-29.2±82.37 |
-1.23 (.244) |
Medical department |
Internal medicine |
21.1±54.94 |
33.3±77.20 |
-12.1±62.12 |
-1.83 (.071) |
Orthopedic |
14.7±36.02 |
26.8±67.25 |
-12.0±71.31 |
-1.13 (.264) |
Neurology |
37.1±80.18 |
81.1±144.12 |
-43.9±97.16 |
-2.22 (.037) |
Others |
31.2±90.96 |
30.8±89.03 |
0.4±43.72 |
0.07 (.943) |
Region |
Big city |
61.3±123.37 |
68.4±139.52 |
-7.0±34.42 |
-0.68 (.510) |
Middle city |
24.4±64.49 |
37.9±92.12 |
-13.4±72.50 |
-2.33 (.021) |
Rural |
8.1±14.94 |
21.8±39.23 |
-13.6±41.65 |
-1.86 (.073) |
The number of utilizing hospital (a place/year) |
Type of medical institutions |
Health institution |
12.7±7.67 |
9.0±4.08 |
3.7±7.04 |
1.07 (.365) |
Clinic |
18.6±11.24 |
17.0±11.57 |
1.5±10.57 |
1.52 (.132) |
Hospital |
16.4±11.39 |
14.1±10.85 |
2.3±10.75 |
1.39 (.171) |
General hospital |
16.7±8.81 |
14.4±9.10 |
2.2±9.09 |
1.58 (.122) |
Senior general hospital |
17.5±9.87 |
12.7±7.39 |
4.7±6.83 |
2.41 (.035) |
Medical department |
Internal medicine |
17.4±10.82 |
15.8±10.70 |
1.5±9.46 |
1.58 (.119) |
Orthopedic |
19.7±11.22 |
16.3±12.03 |
3.4±10.78 |
2.13 (.039) |
Neurology |
15.8±9.13 |
12.9±9.53 |
2.9±8.52 |
1.68 (.107) |
Others |
16.7±10.50 |
15.4±10.03 |
1.3±11.18 |
0.80 (.431) |
Region |
Big city |
15.1±9.33 |
16.2±11.05 |
-1.0±8.27 |
-0.44 (.971) |
Middle city |
17.5±10.64 |
15.0±10.81 |
2.5±10.37 |
3.02 (.003) |
Rural |
18.8±11.24 |
17.5±10.16 |
1.2±8.74 |
0.83 (.414) |
Medical expense (1,000 won) |
Type of medical institutions |
Health institution |
4,217±2,954 |
7,643±8,973 |
-3,425±9,016 |
-0.76 (.503) |
Clinic |
5,437±3,704 |
6,897±5,613 |
-1,460±5,650 |
-2.61 (.010) |
Hospital |
7,991±7,741 |
10,489±8,765 |
-2,497±6,864 |
-2.33 (.025) |
General hospital |
6,841±4,636 |
6,433±4,267 |
408±4,676 |
0.56 (.580) |
Senior general hospital |
10,590±9,216 |
10,686±11,944 |
-95±7,603 |
-0.04 (.966) |
Medical department |
Internal medicine |
5,993±4,441 |
6,965±5,734 |
-972±6,182 |
-1.47 (.146) |
Orthopedic |
5,695±4,198 |
7,941±6,440 |
-2,246±6,028 |
-2.50 (.016) |
Neurology |
10,076±7,882 |
12,815±9,986 |
-2,739±6,929 |
-1.94 (.065) |
Others |
6,526±6,427 |
6,483±6,218 |
42±4,603 |
0.06 (.951) |
Region |
Big city |
11,063±9,958 |
11,625±10,724 |
-562±3,039 |
-0.61 (.553) |
Middle city |
6,328±5,284 |
7,388±6,673 |
-1,060±5,971 |
-2.23 (.028) |
Rural |
5,981±3,792 |
8,384±5,832 |
-2,402±6,650 |
-2.04 (.050) |
Table 5Factors related to Change of Total Beneficial Day and Outpatient Day
Dependent variable |
Independent variables |
B |
SE |
β |
t |
p
|
Total benefit day |
Gender (Male=1) |
18.01 |
67.65 |
.01 |
0.27 |
.790 |
Age |
0.37 |
2.81 |
.01 |
0.13 |
.897 |
Disability (Existence=1) |
102.31 |
66.09 |
.11 |
1.55 |
.123 |
Mian disease (Chronic disease=1) |
-76.12 |
65.87 |
-.08 |
-1.16 |
.249 |
Type of medical institutions (Health institution/Clinic=1) |
-130.06 |
139.61 |
-.06 |
-0.93 |
.353 |
Medical department (Internal medicine=1) |
38.44 |
65.56 |
.04 |
0.59 |
.558 |
Outpatient day |
Gender (Male=1) |
-10.01 |
10.43 |
-.06 |
-0.96 |
.339 |
Age |
0.22 |
0.43 |
.03 |
0.50 |
.621 |
Disability (Existence=1) |
20.81 |
10.19 |
.14 |
2.04 |
.043 |
Mian disease (Chronic disease=1) |
-17.67 |
10.16 |
-.12 |
-1.74 |
.084 |
Type of medical institutions (Health institution/Clinic=1) |
-9.77 |
21.53 |
-.03 |
-0.45 |
.651 |
Medical department (Internal medicine=1) |
17.72 |
10.11 |
.12 |
1.75 |
.081 |
Total benefit day |
F=0.77, p=.597, R2=.023, Modified R2=.007 |
Outpatient day |
F=1.55, p=.163, R2=.046, Modified R2=.016 |