Table 1General Characteristics of the Sample (N=72,435)
Characteristics |
Categories |
n (%) |
Gender |
Boys |
36,655 (52.3) |
Girls |
35,780 (47.4) |
Grade |
Middle 1st |
12,199 (16.2) |
Middle 2nd |
12,113 (16.0) |
Middle 3rd |
12,218 (16.5) |
High 1st |
12,028 (17.1) |
High 2nd |
11,865 (16.9) |
High 3rd |
12,012 (17.2) |
School achievement |
High |
24,995 (34.6) |
Middle |
20,148 (28.1) |
Low |
27,292 (37.3) |
Economic status |
High |
22,747 (32.3) |
Middle |
34,494 (47.4) |
Low |
15,194 (20.3) |
Living type |
Living with family |
69,006 (96.1) |
Living with relatives |
776 (0.9) |
Living in boarding facility |
2,250 (2.5) |
Living in care facility |
403 (0.5) |
Residential area |
Large cities |
32,540 (44.0) |
Middle sized cities |
31,037 (49.1) |
Small towns |
8,858 (6.9) |
Table 2Descriptive Statistics of Internet Use for Non-academic Purposes and Happiness and Stress (N=72,435)
Variables |
Categories |
n (%) |
Internet use for non-academic purposes |
None |
19,241 (26.2) |
0~<1 hr |
16,912 (23.2) |
1~<2 hrs |
15,641 (21.7) |
2~<3 hrs |
10,190 (14.1) |
≥3 hrs |
10,451 (14.7) |
Happiness |
Very happy/happy |
42,127 (58.2) |
So-so |
21,943 (30.2) |
Very unhappy/unhappy |
8,365 (11.6) |
Stress |
Very much/very stressful |
30,192 (41.4) |
Slightly stressful |
29,841 (41.4) |
Rarely/never stressful |
12,402 (17.2) |
Table 3Relationship between Internet Use for Non-academic Purposes and Happiness and Stress (N=72,435)
Variables |
Hours of internet usage for non-academic purposes |
Rao-Scott x2
|
p
|
None |
0~<1 hr |
1~<2 hrs |
2~<3 hrs |
≥3 hrs |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
Happiness |
|
|
|
|
|
288.70 |
<.001 |
Very happy/happy |
10,805 (56.4) |
1,0479 (62.0) |
9,505 (60.6) |
5,844 (57.6) |
5,494 (52.7) |
So-so |
6,080 (31.6) |
4,829 (28.4) |
4,529 (28.9) |
3,085 (30.2) |
3,420 (32.6) |
Very unhappy/unhappy |
2,356 (12.0) |
1,604 (9.6) |
1,607 (10.5) |
1,261 (12.2) |
1,537 (14.7) |
Total |
19,241 (100.0) |
16,912 (100.0) |
15,641 (100.0) |
10,190 (100.0) |
10,451 (100.0) |
Stress |
|
|
|
|
|
143.22 |
<.001 |
Very much/very stressful |
8,563 (44.3) |
6,703 (39.3) |
6,033 (38.6) |
4,244 (41.4) |
4,649 (43.8) |
Slightly stressful |
7,447 (38.7) |
7,216 (43.0) |
6,817 (43.6) |
4,236 (41.8) |
4,125 (39.8) |
Rarely/never stressful |
3,231 (17.0) |
2,993 (17.7) |
2,791 (17.7) |
1,710 (16.8) |
1,677 (16.4) |
Total |
19,241 (100.0) |
16,912 (100.0) |
15,641 (100.0) |
10,190 (100.0) |
10,451 (100.0) |
Table 4Multivariate Relationships between Internet Use for Non-Academic Purposes and Happiness and Stress (N=72,435)
Variables |
Categories |
Feeling unhappy |
Feeling stressful |
AOR |
95% CI |
AOR |
95% CI |
Gender |
Boys |
0.71 |
0.69~0.74 |
0.52 |
0.51~0.54 |
Girls |
1 |
|
1 |
|
Grade |
Middle 1st |
0.71 |
0.67~0.76 |
0.71 |
0.67~0.75 |
Middle 2nd |
0.87 |
0.81~0.93 |
0.82 |
0.77~0.88 |
Middle 3rd |
0.90 |
0.85~0.96 |
0.84 |
0.79~0.89 |
High 1st |
0.95 |
0.89~1.01 |
0.79 |
0.75~0.84 |
High 2nd |
1.07 |
1.01~1.13 |
0.94 |
0.88~0.99 |
High 3rd |
1 |
|
1 |
|
School achievement |
High |
0.58 |
0.55~0.60 |
0.76 |
0.73~0.79 |
Middle |
0.72 |
0.69~0.75 |
0.78 |
0.75~0.81 |
Low |
1 |
|
1 |
|
Economic status |
High |
0.43 |
0.41~0.45 |
0.59 |
0.57~0.62 |
Middle |
0.65 |
0.63~0.68 |
0.64 |
0.61~0.66 |
Low |
1 |
|
1 |
|
Living type |
Living with family |
1.13 |
0.91~1.40 |
1.17 |
0.92~1.48 |
Living with relatives |
1.51 |
1.18~1.95 |
1.41 |
1.06~1.86 |
Living in boarding facility |
0.98 |
0.77~1.23 |
1.15 |
0.79~1.48 |
Living in care facility |
1 |
|
1 |
|
Hour of internet usage/day |
None |
1.17 |
1.13~1.22 |
1.16 |
1.11~1.22 |
0<,<1hr |
1 |
1.03~1.12 |
1 |
0.98~1.08 |
1≤,<2hr |
1.07 |
1.11~1.23 |
1.03 |
1.11~1.24 |
2≤,<3hr |
1.17 |
1.28~1.42 |
1.17 |
1.20~1.34 |
3≤ |
1.34 |
|
1.27 |
|