1Graduate School, Department of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
2College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
© 2015 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This study was a partial fulfillment for the requirement of the master of science in nursing for the first author.
Variables | Characteristics | Categories | n (%) or M±SD | Range |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Country of birth | Vietnam | 65 (69.9) | |
Cambodia | 19 (20.4) | |||
Philippines | 9 (9.7) | |||
Length of stay (month) | 31.0±33.14 | 3~147 | ||
0~12 | 44 (47.3) | |||
13~24 | 11 (11.8) | |||
25~36 | 10 (10.8) | |||
≥37 | 28 (30.1) | |||
Age (year) | 25.6±4.2 | 19~39 | ||
Education | <Middle school | 31 (33.3) | ||
High school | 50 (53.8) | |||
Community college | 8 (8.6) | |||
≥College | 4 (4.3) | |||
Marital status | Married | 86 (92.4) | ||
Divorce, separation, & cohabiting | 7 (7.6) | |||
Family monthly income (10,000 won) | ≥100 | 17 (18.3) | ||
101~200 | 44 (47.3) | |||
201~300 | 24 (25.8) | |||
≥301 | 8 (8.6) | |||
Employment | Not employed | 85 (91.4) | ||
Employed | 8 (8.6) | |||
Religious affiliation | Buddhism | 58 (62.4) | ||
Catholic | 11 (11.8) | |||
None | 23 (24.7) | |||
Others | 1 (1.1) | |||
Marital satisfaction | Always satisfied | 21 (22.6) | ||
Satisfied | 45 (48.4) | |||
Occasionally satisfied | 27 (29.0) | |||
Not satisfied | 0 (0.0) | |||
Co-habitants | Husband | 34 (36.6) | ||
Husband & child | 23 (24.7) | |||
Husband & in-laws | 21 (22.6) | |||
Husband, child, & in-laws | 5 (5.3) | |||
Husband, child, in-laws, & relatives | 10 (10.8) | |||
Pregnancy-related | Gestational age (week) | 1st trimester (1~13) | 29 (31.2) | 5~40 |
2nd trimester (14~26) | 32 (34.4) | |||
3rd trimester (27~40) | 32 (34.4) | |||
No of pregnancy | 1st | 58 (62.4) | ||
2nd | 28 (30.1) | |||
3rd | 7 (7.5) | |||
Planned pregnancy | Yes | 74 (79.6) | ||
No | 19 (20.4) | |||
High risk pregnancy† | Yes | 4 (4.3) | ||
No | 89 (95.7) |
Variables | Categories | n (%)/ Item-M±SD |
---|---|---|
Life stress | Pregnancy & Child rearing (8 items) | 3.0±0.43 |
Language & Cultural barriers (7 items) | 2.8±0.49 | |
Financial problems (4 items) | 2.6±0.46 | |
Pastime (3 items) | 2.4±0.16 | |
Relationships (6 items) | 2.2±0.27 | |
Health (2 items) | 2.7±0.72 | |
Grand total item mean | 2.7±0.50 | |
Social supports | Instrumental supports (7 items) | 3.1±0.34 |
Emotional supports (4 items) | 3.3±0.31 | |
Grand total item mean | 3.2±0.34 | |
Antepartum depression (scores) | Normal (0~9) | 46 (49.5) |
Borderline (10~12) | 16 (17.2) | |
Severe (>13) | 31 (33.3) | |
Grand total mean | 10.2±5.22 |
Variables | Categories | n | Life stress | Social supports | Antepartum depression | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | |||
Country of birth | Vietnam | 65 | 78.6±22.57 | 0.35 (.705) |
34.3±8.85 | 1.65 (.197) |
9.7±5.40 | 0.91 (.406) |
Cambodia | 19 | 80.7±16.57 | 34.4±8.15 | 11.1±4.09 | ||||
Philippine | 9 | 84.6±19.82 | 39.8±7.12 | 11.7±6.08 | ||||
Length of stay (month) | 0~12 | 44 | 75.4±16.33 | 2.13 (.103) |
36.4±8.71 | 1.67 (.178) |
9.4±4.72 | 1.89 (.137) |
13~24 | 11 | 74.2±15.59 | 31.3±9.32 | 8.1±4.35 | ||||
25~36 | 10 | 88.1±27.71 | 36.5±8.38 | 11.4±5.10 | ||||
>37 | 28 | 85.3±25.41 | 33.1±8.00 | 11.7±6.02 | ||||
Education | <Middle school | 31 | 84.4±22.85 | 1.08 (.361) |
32.5±9.33 | 2.12 (.103) |
10.0±5.83 | 0.35 (.793) |
High school | 50 | 77.2±20.56 | 35.1±8.40 | 10.1±5.01 | ||||
Community college | 8 | 73.0±14.69 | 39.9±5.77 | 9.8±3.99 | ||||
>College | 4 | 84.5±23.57 | 39.2±5.74 | 12.8±6.34 | ||||
Marital status | Married | 86 | 78.7±21.02 | 2.08 (.153) |
35.3±8.35 | 3.38 (.609) |
9.9±5.22 | 3.31 (.072) |
Divorce, separation, & cohabiting | 7 | 90.6±20.44 | 29.1±10.71 | 13.6±4.24 | ||||
Family monthly income (10,000 won) | ≥100a | 17 | 83.2±19.57 | 3.44 (.020) |
37.1±9.03 | 0.89 (.450) |
11.1±4.64 | 3.46 (.020) b>a, c, d† |
101~200b | 44 | 84.7±23.76 | 33.6±8.99 | 11.5±5.68 | ||||
201~300c | 24 | 72.2±15.58 | 34.6±7.06 | 7.6±4.30 | ||||
≥301d | 8 | 65.6±10.35 | 37.2±10.25 | 8.6±3.58 | ||||
Employed | Yes | 8 | 96.8±29.43 | 2.47 (.015) |
31.9±10.68 | -1.02 (.312) |
12.6±8.00 | 1.40 (.164) |
No | 85 | 78.0±19.62 | 35.1±8.44 | 9.9±4.89 | ||||
Religious affiliation | Christianity & others | 12 | 79.4±19.36 | 0.73 (.484) |
39.7±6.67 | 2.37 (.099) |
10.5±6.04 | 0.37 (.694) |
Buddhism | 58 | 81.4±22.11 | 33.8±9.08 | 10.4±5.22 | ||||
None | 23 | 75.1±19.47 | 35.0±7.75 | 9.4±4.94 | ||||
Marital satisfaction | Always satisfieda | 21 | 73.5±17.48 | 5.37 (.006) a, b<c† |
36.1±10.05 | 3.15 (.047) |
8.0±4.53 | 9.84 (<.001) a, b<c† |
Satisfiedb | 45 | 76.0±18.14 | 36.3±6.90 | 9.2±4.54 | ||||
Occasionally satisfiedc | 27 | 90.2±24.83 | 31.4±9.40 | 13.5±5.34 | ||||
Co-habitants | Husband | 34 | 74.3±16.25 | 2.01 (.100) |
37.0±7.44 | 2.58 (.043) |
8.6±3.74 | 2.07 (.092) |
Husband & child | 23 | 85.9±26.53 | 32.7±8.96 | 12.3±6.00 | ||||
Husband & in-laws | 21 | 75.0±14.34 | 36.7±6.25 | 9.6±5.32 | ||||
Husband, child, & in-laws | 5 | 87.0±24.57 | 34.6±11.80 | 10.8±4.92 | ||||
Husband, child, in-laws, & relatives | 10 | 88.8±27.58 | 28.6±11.59 | 11.6±6.48 | ||||
Gestational age (week) | 1st trimester (1~13) | 29 | 82.7±17.58 | 0.80 (.454) |
34.7±8.43 | 0.01 (.991) |
9.9±5.00 | 0.11 (.898) |
2nd trimester (14~26) | 32 | 76.0±24.75 | 34.8±8.59 | 10.1±5.42 | ||||
3rd trimester (27~40) | 32 | 80.3±20.19 | 35.0±9.12 | 10.5±5.38 | ||||
Nor of pregnancy | 1st | 58 | 75.8±16.83 | 2.52 (.086) |
35.7±8.64 | 0.89 (.413) |
9.2±4.58 | 3.00 (.055) |
2nd | 28 | 85.8±26.71 | 33.1±8.57 | 11.8±5.80 | ||||
3rd | 7 | 86.0±23.86 | 34.6±9.00 | 12.1±6.41 | ||||
Planned pregnancy | Yes | 74 | 79.6±19.97 | 0.00 (1.000) |
34.7±9.03 | -0.33 (.744) |
9.8±4.94 | -1.18 (.241) |
No | 19 | 79.6±25.69 | 35.4±7.08 | 11.4±6.20 | ||||
High risk pregnancy‡ | Yes | 4 | 97.8±26.18 | 1.78 (.078) |
32.0±13.49 | -0.67 (.504) |
11.8±7.50 | 0.62 (.537) |
No | 89 | 78.8±20.66 | 35.0±8.45 | 10.1±5.15 |
Variables | Life stress | Social supports | Antepartum depression |
---|---|---|---|
Life stress | 1 | -.42 (<.001) | .59 (<.001) |
Social supports | 1 | -.39 (<.001) | |
Antepartum depression | 1 |
Factors | β | t | p |
---|---|---|---|
Life stress | .45 | 5.03 | <.001 |
Marital satisfaction | -.22 | -2.62 | .010 |
Emotional support | -.18 | -2.08 | .040 |
R2=.43, F=22.17, p<.001 |
†Hypertension, gestational DM, twins, irregular uterine contraction, medical problems.
†Scheffétest; ‡Hypertension, gestational DM, twins, irregular uterine contraction, medical problems.