Lifestyles and Factors Influencing the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) among Employees in a Community

Kyung-Shin Paek

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.2.236

Articles

Page Path: HOME > J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs > Volume 24(2); 2013 > Article

Original Article
Lifestyles and Factors Influencing the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) among Employees in a Community: Kyung-Shin Paek; Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2013;24(2):236-244.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.2.236
Published online: June 30, 2013

Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon, Korea.

• Received: May 13, 2013 • Accepted: June 23, 2013

575 Views
1 Download
2 Crossref

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract

Abstract

Purpose
This study was to investigate lifestyles and identify factors influencing the bone mineral density (BMD) among employees in a community.
Methods
Data were collected from 199 employees. Their lifestyles and BMIs were measured with a self-report questionnaire. As for their BMDs, their calcanei were measured with Quantitative Ultrasound.
Results
Assessing their BMDs with reference to the WHO standards, 52.8% of the subjects' calcaneus BMDs were normal and 44.2% showed osteopenis, 3.0% showed osteoporosis. Age (odds ratio=1.05, p=.029), exercise (odds ratio=.31, p=.006) and the number of eating meals per day (odds ratio=1.97, p=.046) were significant factors influencing the subjects' BMDs.
Conclusion
Strategies to emphasize exercise and dietary habits in employees are important for improving their bone mineral density. Programs for improving bone mineral density based on life cycle need to be developed.
Key Words: Life style; Bone density

Table 1

BMD according to General Characteristics by Gender (N=199)

BMD=bone mineral density.

^†For women, when analysis of t-test, 40 years old or more is excluded; ^‡When analysis of ANCOVA, other is excluded; ^§For women, when analysis of ANCOVA, master is excluded; ^∥For women, when analysis of ANCOVA, ten years or more is excluded.

Table 2

BMD according to Lifestyle by Gender (N=199)

BMD=bone mineral density; BMI=body mass index.

^†For men. When analysis of ANCOVA, none is excluded; ^‡When analysis of ANCOVA, 4 times per day is excluded; ^§For women, when analysis of ANCOVA, 23 or more is excluded.

Table 3

Bone Mineral Density of the Participants (N=199)

Table 4

Logistic Regression Analysis for Factors related to BMD^† (N=193)

BMD=bone mineral density; OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval; BMI=body mass index.

Model: -2 log likelihood=267.62, χ²=18.75, df=9, p=.027; Nagelkerke R²=.123 Hosmer-Lemeshow test : χ²=11.14, df=8, p=.194.

^†BMD was coded as normal (0) vs. osteopenia (1).

1. Bakhireva LN, Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D, Morton DJ. Modifiable predictors of bone loss in older men. Am J Prev Med 2004;26(5):436–442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.02.013
2. Bassey EJ, Rothwell MC, Littlewood JJ, Pye DW. Pre and postmenopausal women have different bone mineral density responses to the same high impactexercise. J Bone Miner Res 1998;13(12):1805–1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.v13:12/issuetoc
3. Chang YK, Seo HJ, Jin YW, Joeng MS, Sung SH, Park DY, et al. The prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in 40-59 year-old male workers. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2006;18(2):130–137.
4. Douchi T, Yamamoto S, Kuwahata R, Oki T, Yamasaki H, Nagata Y. Effect of non-weight-bearing body fat on bone mineral density before and after menopause. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96(1):13–17.
5. Fehily AM, Coles RJ, Evans WD, Elwood PC. Factors affecting bone density in young adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56(3):579–586.
6. Fries JF. Prevention of osteoporotic fractures: Possibilities, the role of exercise and limitations. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;103:6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03009749609103736
7. Jung SH. Dietary intake and environmental factors of adults Korea affect the bone density 2009;Seoul: Ewha Womans University; Unpublished master's thesis.
8. Jung YR. Comparative study of nutrients intake status and blood Cd, Pb levels and bone mineral density between Korean non-smoking and smoking male college students 2006;Seoul: Sookmyung Women's University; Unpublished master's thesis.
9. Kang HY. Relationship among life style, body composition and bon mineral density (BMD) in female college students. J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs 2009;16(3):325–332.
10. Kang YH. A research about the relationship between BMD(bone mineral density), knowledge of BMD and lifestyle and eating habits of the women who 20-30s: Mainly with the subjects on health checkup 2012;Busan: Catholic University of Pusan; Unpublished master's thesis.
11. Kanis JA, Melton LJ, Christiansen C, Johnston CC, Khaltaev N. The diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1994;9(8):1137–1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650090802
12. Kannus P, Parkkari J, Niemi S, Pasanen M, Palvanen M, Jaarvinen M, et al. Prevention of hip fracture in elderly people with use of a hip protector. N Engl J Med 2000;343(21):1506–1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200011233432101
13. Kim SC, Kwon DM. The relation between a practical life and a bone mineral density for college students. J Radiol Sci Technol 2005;28(3):235–239.
14. Korean Society for Bone & Mineral Research. Physicians guide for diagnosis & treatment of osteoporosis 2008;Seoul: Korean Society for Bone & Mineral Research.
15. Lee JH, Lee BK, Kim YS. The relationship between bone mineral density and body composition, life style of female college students. Korean J Food Nutr 2011;24(4):786–796.
16. Lee JK, Kim EJ, Suk MH, Kim EY, Hwang LI. Factors influencing osteoporosis. J Korean Community Nurs 2003;14(2):253–262.
17. Lee JW. The relationship of bone density and eating habit, nutritional intake in the college students 2007;Daegu: Keimyung University; Unpublished master's thesis.
18. Lee SH. Association of bone mineral density with dietary intake and health-related behavior among Korean postmenopausal women 2012;Seoul: Myongji University; Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
19. Lim HJ. Association of bone mineral density with physiological characteristics and lifestyles in premenopausal working woman. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2004;33(2):339–348.
20. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Korea Health Statistics 2010: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) 2011;Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare.
21. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Korea health statistics 2011: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES V-2) 2012;Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare.
22. Munger RG, Cerhan JR, Chiu BC. Prospective study of dietary protein intake and risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69(1):147–152.
23. Myong JP, Kim HR, Choi WS, Jo SE, Lee BR, Koo JW, et al. The relation between employeeszzz lifestyle and health status in an electronics research and development company. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2009;21(1):1–9.
24. Oh YK, Sohn CM. Comparative study on nutrients intake, physical activities and bone mineral density of specialized game high school students according to obesitylevel. Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(3):393–402.
25. Park MJ. Association of bone mineral density with nutrient intake and lifestyles of postmenopausal omen in Chungnam. J Korean Home Econ Assoc 2005;43(12):61–78.
26. Sambrook P, Cooper C. Osteoporosis. Lancet 2006;367(9527):2010–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68891-0
27. Sang JH, Hwang IC, Han HS, Lee WS, Kim TH, Lee HH, et al. Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in women in Gumi Gyeongbuk province. J Korean Soc Menopause 2012;18(1):28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.6118/jksm.2012.18.1.28.
28. Sharkey NA, Williams NI, Guerin JB. The role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Nurs Clin North Am 2000;35(1):209–221.
29. World Health Organization Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 2004;363(9403):157–163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3
30. Yoo SY. Analysis of factors affecting bone mineral density of young females in Seoul area 2008;Seoul: Sungshin Women's University; Unpublished master's thesis.

Figure & Data

References

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Efficient estimators with categorical ranked set samples: estimation procedures for osteoporosis
Armin Hatefi, Amirhossein Alvandi
Journal of Applied Statistics.2022; 49(4): 803. CrossRef
Comparison in Adherence to Osteoporosis Guidelines according to Bone Health Status in Korean Adult
Hee-Sook Lim, Soon-Kyung Kim, Hae-Hyeog Lee, Dong Won Byun, Yoon-Hyung Park, Tae-Hee Kim
Journal of Bone Metabolism.2016; 23(3): 143. CrossRef

Country-specific access statistics

Country	Reference
United States	3