Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Kyung Min Park

35 Articles

Effects of Sarcopenic Obesity on Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Elders: Using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2011): Hyun A Choi, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2016;27(3):231-241. Published online September 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.3.231

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PURPOSE
This study was conducted to examine effects of sarcopenic obesity on metabolic syndrome in Korean elders.
METHODS
This study is based on the analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) with 1,155 subjects (524 men, and 631 women) aged 60 or older, from 2008 to 2011. Sarcopenia was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), divided by weight (%) of <1 SD (standard deviation) below the sex-specific mean for young adults. Obesity was defined as a total body fat percent (menâ‰¥25%, womenâ‰¥35%).
RESULTS
The prevalence of SO (sarcopenic obesity) was 13.3% among men and 22.5% among women. Both sexes showed a higher total body fat percent, and the SMI (skeletal muscle index) was the lowest in the SO group. Metabolic syndrome was highly prevalent in the SO group (52.5% men, 60.4% women). The SO group showed a higher risk for metabolic syndrome (odds ratio men 6.57 [95% CI 5.19~7.27], women 3.89 [95% CI 2.41~6.29]) than the obese group (men 3.14 [95% CI 1.76~4.14], women 2.54 [95% CI 1.38~4.65]).
CONCLUSION
SO is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome in Korean elders. Therefore, a nursing program should be given to the Korean elderly SO group to prevent metabolic syndrome.

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Does an Association among Sarcopenia and Metabolic Risk Factors Exist in People Older Than 65 Years? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile, Agustín Aibar-Almazán, Diego Fernando Afanador-Restrepo, Yulieth Rivas-Campo, Carlos Rodríguez-López, María del Mar Carcelén-Fraile, Yolanda Castellote-Caballero, Fidel Hita-Contreras
Life.2023; 13(3): 648. CrossRef
Associations between Sarcopenia and Metabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yang Du, Chorong Oh, Jaekyung No
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2018; 27(3): 175. CrossRef

Differences in the Characteristics of Sexual Abuse Victimization between Low- and High-Grade Elementary School Children and Correlations among the Characteristics: Young Ran Cho, Ji Eun Kim, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2015;26(2):119-127. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.2.119

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PURPOSE
This study is attempted to figure out the characteristics of sexual abuse victimization in low- and high-grade elementary school children and furthermore to help develop appropriate preventive educational programs against sexual abuse by grade.
METHODS
Data were collected from 156 sexual abuse victims who were elementary school children and visited the Child Sexual Abuse Response Center in D City during the period from 2010 to 2012. Differences in general and victimization-related characteristics between low and high graders and the correlations among the characteristics were analyzed.
RESULTS
The results showed statistically significant difference between low and high graders in two variables: offender-victim relationship, and the type of sexual abuse. Offender-victim relationship was in a significant correlation with the duration of victimization (r=.576, p<.001), frequency of abuse (r=.546, p<.001), location (r=-.479, p<.001), and time (r=.435, p<.001). The type of sexual abuse was in a significant correlation with frequency (r=.175, p=.029) and time (r=.261, p=.001).
CONCLUSION
Appropriate educational programs should be developed for preventing sexual assaults in consideration of difference in victimization-related characteristics between low and high graders. In addition, such programs should be applied fittingly to the learners'grade, gender, and cognitive level.

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An Integrative Literature Review on Sexual Abuse Prevention Education Programs for Elementary School Students in South Korea
Hyewon Shin, Jung Min Lee, Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim
Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 435. CrossRef
Development of a Sexual Abuse Prevention Education Program for Elementary School Students Using a Hybrid Application
Shin-Jeong Kim, So-Ra Kang, Jung Min Lee
Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 109. CrossRef
Development and Effects of a Children's Sex Education Program for the Parents of Lower Elementary Grade Students
Eun Mi Lee, Hyunlye Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(2): 222. CrossRef
Sexual Abuse Prevention Mobile Application (SAP_MobAPP) for Primary School Children in Korea
Kyoung Ja Moon, Kyung Min Park, Yunsick Sung
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse.2017; 26(5): 573. CrossRef
Comparison of Needs About Sexual Abuse Prevention Education Between Elementary School Students and Teachers
Shin-Jeong Kim, Kyung-Ah Kang, Haeryun Cho, Hae Young Min
Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(3): 215. CrossRef

The Effect of a Social Support Program on Family Caregivers' Role Strain in Elderly Long-term Home Care: Mei Hae Oh, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2014;25(2):137-145. Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2014.25.2.137

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PURPOSE
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a social support program on family caregivers' role strain in elderly long-term home care.
METHODS
The research adopted a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The number of participants was 25 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group sampled among family caregivers in elderly long-term home care. The experimental group participated in a 10-session social support program, which consisted of physical, emotional, informational, and material support. The effect of the program was evaluated by measuring family caregivers' role strain.
RESULTS
The experimental group showed a significant decrease in family caregivers' role strain in elderly long-term home care.
CONCLUSION
The result suggests that the social support program was effective in decreasing family caregivers' role strain in elderly long-term home care. There is a need to develop more effective and systematicsocial support programsfor family caregivers of elderly long-term home care.

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The Effects of a Support Program for Family Caregivers of Elderly with Dementia on Empowerment and Attitudes toward Dementia
So Yoon Kim, Seonghee Jeong
Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2019; 25(1): 103. CrossRef
Comparing the Needs of Family Caregivers and Program Providers in Long-Term Care in Terms of Family Support Program
Myonghwa Park, Younghye Go, Miri Jeong, Eun-Jeong Han
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(1): 14. CrossRef

Factors of Depression in Korean-Chinese Elders in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in China: With Reference to Han-Chinese Living in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture: Mei Ling Song, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2013;24(2):151-160. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.2.151

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to investigate depression in Korean-Chinese elder living in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in China.
METHODS
A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted using face to face private interviews for elders aged over 59, who have been dwelling in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. The samples consisted of 183 Korean-Chinese and 182 Han-Chinese with the latter as a reference group. Data were collected from August 25 to September 20, 2011 and analyzed with the SPSS 18.0 program. The GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale) was used to measure elderly depression in the subjects.
RESULTS
In Korean-Chinese, the rate of depression was higher in those who had lower educational levels, and were economically supported by the government. And those who had depression showed lower scores in Chinese language proficiency, health status, and social supports, and had more chronic diseases. Factors having effects on Korean-Chinese elderly depression included perceived health status and subjective support.
CONCLUSION
According to the results, for preventing the depression of Korean-Chinese, it is necessary to develop health management programs and social support networks, which were easy to approach.

Factors Influencing the Burden Felt by Main Family Caregivers of Elderly Patients with Brain and Spinal Diseases: Hee Kyung Park, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2011;22(4):389-398. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.4.389

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PURPOSE
This study of this study was to identify factors influencing the burden of main family caregivers who take care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases.
METHODS
This was conducted as descriptive research and data were collected from 255 main family caregivers who were taking care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases from 4 hospitals in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province. Stepwise-multiple regression was used to identify the influencing factors of burden felt.
RESULTS
As the score of burden felt by the main family, economic, social, physical, interdependent and emotional burdens were high in order. Factors influencing burden felt by main family care givers taking care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases were changed relation with patient after hospitalization, daily life ability, marital status, education and family caregiver's personality (explanatory power of 24.6%). Family caregivers felt a heavier burden when their relation with the patient was changed negatively or when the patient's activity of daily living was low.
CONCLUSION
Based on these results, we need to develop coping measures and interventional programs for reducing the burden felt by the main family caregivers of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases.

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The Effect of a Social Support Program on Family Caregivers' Role Strain in Elderly Long-term Home Care
Mei Hae Oh, Kyung Min Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2014; 25(2): 137. CrossRef
The Care Giving Burden of Primary Caregiver based on Nursing Needs of Long-term Care lnsurance Grade
Mi-Kyoung Kim, Dahye Park, Okhee Ahn
Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2014; 5(3): 7. CrossRef

Comparison of Health Management and Leisure Activities between Korean and Japanese Elderly in Urban-Rural Composite Areas: Kyung Min Park, Hyun Wook Kang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2011;22(2):184-191. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.2.184

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare health management and leisure activities of the Korean and Japanese elderly.
METHODS
This study used a cross-sectional descriptive research design. A total of 149 Korean and 140 Japanese older adults living in two urban-rural composite areas participated in this research project. Data were collected using interviews with the participants. t-test and 2 test were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
Eighty eight point two percent of the Japanese perceived that their health status was good whereas 27.3% of the Koreans responded that their health status was poor. There were significant differences in types of leisure activities in art, intellectual, events, and volunteer activities between the two groups. A majority of the Japanese elderly replied that they spent some time and money for leisure activities; however, 20.2% and 27.2% of the Koreans reported that they did not spend time or money at all for leisure activities.
CONCLUSION
The number of the Korean elderly participating leisure activities was significantly lower than Japanese participants. Developing nursing strategies using leisure programs would improve the quality of life of older adults and the quality of nursing care.

The Effects of a Safety Management Program on Safety Accident-related Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Elementary School Students in Korea: Kyung Min Park, Kyoung Mi Jeon, Min Young Kim, Eun Suk Lee, Sang Min Kwon; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2010;21(2):220-228. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2010.21.2.220

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of a safety management program on safety accident-related knowledge, attitude and behavior of elementary school students in Korea.
METHODS
This study adopted nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The number of subjects was 34 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group. The safety management program was performed for approximately 50 minutes each session, once a week for 8 weeks. Data were collected from March 14th to June 23th, 2006, and analyzed by chi2 test and independent t-test with SPSS WIN 16.0.
RESULTS
There were statistically significant differences in safety-related knowledge (t=3.010, p=.006) and behavior (t=18.833, p=.001) between the experimental group and the control group. The score of attitude was different between the experimental group and the control group but the difference was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
The safety management program used in this study was appropriate for elemental school students and affected safety-related knowledge and behavior of elementary school students. Therefore safety education should be provided systematically for elementary schools over the whole country.

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ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ÖZ YETERLİLİK DÜZEYİ İLE ACİL DURUMLARLA BAŞA ÇIKMA DURUMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Atiye KARAKUL, Duygu SÖNMEZ DÜZKAYA, Aybüke TANRIVERDİ
Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal.2022; 5(3): 707. CrossRef
Attitudes, Perception and Preventive Behaviors for Health and Safety among College Students
Hwa Jeong Seo
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2018; 18(4): 169. CrossRef
Effects of Safety Awareness and Self-Efficacy on Safety Practice with Elementary School Studentsts: Focusing on the Changwon City
Sin-Young PARK, Yong-Sook EO
Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education.2016; 28(2): 515. CrossRef
A Study of Effect of Disability Prevention Program Acquired by People with Disabilities are Performed : centered on Elementary School Students
Yeon-Jung Kim
Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(5): 369. CrossRef
Factors associated with Unintentional Injuries to Korean Adolescents at School: A Multilevel Study
Jung-Ok Yu, Myo-Sung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2016; 27(4): 337. CrossRef
A Systematic Review on the Evaluation of School based Unintentional Injuries Prevention Programmes in 7~19 Years Old
Geum Hee Kim, Hyeong Sik Ahn, Hyeon Jeong Kim, Mi Lan Han
Journal of the Korean Society of School Health.2014; 27(1): 7. CrossRef

Factors Influencing the Health Status and Life Satisfaction of Elders in Free and Charged Welfare Facilities: Yoen Kyoung Kim, Kyung Min Park, Chung Nam Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(2):317-325. Published online June 30, 2008

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing the health status and life satisfaction of elders in welfare facilities.
METHODS
The subjects of this study were selected randomly among those without cognitive impairment from free (140 persons) and charged (140 persons) welfare facilities in the Yeongnam area. Data was analyzed using t-test and stepwise multiple regression.
RESULTS
Health status and life satisfaction were 2.52 and 1.98, respectively, in the elders from free welfare facilities, and 2.67 and 2.08 respectively, in the elders from charged welfare facilities. In those from free facilities, life satisfaction and motivation for getting into the welfare facility were the influencing factors of health status. In those from charged facilities, life satisfaction, gender, motivation for getting into the welfare facility, limited service such as physiotherapy, age, and lack of staff and professionalism were the influence factors of health status. In those from free facilities, health status, relationship conflict with fellow elders, lack of staff and professionalism, insufficient facilities and inadequate environment, and indifference of sons and daughters were the influence factors of life satisfaction, In those from charged facilities, health status, education and age were the influence factors of life satisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS
It was found that both health status and life satisfaction of elders in charged welfare facilities were higher than those in free welfare facilities.

The Effect of an Empowerment Health Management Program on Self-esteem and the Quality of Life for the Urban Elderly: Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(2):226-233. Published online June 30, 2008

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The purpose was to test the effect of an empowerment health management program on self-esteem and the quality of life for the elderly who live in cities.
METHODS
Forty-three elders were randomly assigned to either the experimental group that received the intervention to participate in one year's empowerment practice (one home visiting per week and phone counselling) (n=21) or to the control group that got home visiting only (n=22). The data was analyzed using ANCOVA.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in the self-esteem score between the two groups after the intervention. But the quality of life score of the experimental group was significantly different from that of the control group after the intervention.
CONCLUSIONS
The health management intervention using empowerment for the elderly living alone with chronic diseases in urban areas had positive effects on the quality of life. Therefore this intervention can be broadly applied to other elders living alone with chronic diseases in urban areas.

The Effects of Hope Intervention on the Hope and Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Staying at Home and Cared in Public Health Center: Chung Nam Kim, A Mi Shin, Kyung Min Park, Myong Hwa Park, Yeong Ah Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(2):177-187. Published online June 30, 2008

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to identify the effects of hope intervention on the hope and quality of life of cancer patients staying at home.
METHOD
The study adopted the randomized control group design. The subjects consisted of randomly selected forty cancer patients who were registered at S-Gu Public Health Center. Hope intervention which was composed of hope assessment, positive self identity formation, hope objective setting, therapeutic relationship and spiritual & transcendental process improving, and hope evaluation was provided from October 22, 2007 to November 30, 2007.
RESULT
Hypothesis 1-1 "The experimental group that received hope intervention will have a higher score of hope than the control group", was supported(t=-3.108, p=.004). Hypothesis 1-2 "The experimental group that received hope intervention will have a higher level of hope index than the control group", was supported (t=-4.219, p=.000). Therefore, Hypothesis 1 "The experimental group that received hope intervention will have a higher level of hope than the control group" was supported. Hypothesis 2 "The experimental group that received hope intervention will have a higher level of quality of life than the control group", was not supported (t=-1.726, p=.092).
CONCLUSION
Hope intervention is an effective nursing intervention to enhance hope for patients with cancer staying at home.

The Effects of Exercise.Behavior Modification Therapy on the Obesity Control and Self-esteem of the Obese Female College Students: Chung Nam Kim, Yun Hee Kwon, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(2):293-300. Published online June 30, 2007

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To examine the effect of the exercise.behavior modification therapy one the obesity control and self-esteem of the obese female college students.
METHOD
Data was collected from March 10, 2006 to June 10, 2006. The research design was adopted randomized control group (EG=exercise group) pretest-posttest experimental (E . BG=exercise . behavior modification therapy group) design. The subjects were nursing students at T college. A total of 37 obese female college students(BMI: over 27mg/m2) were selected for this research. The exercise program was executed for 12 weeks and 4 days a week, and the behavior modification was therapy performed for 12 weeks and 60 minutes per week. The data were analyzed with the SPSS Win 12.0 program through the Mann-Whitney test.
RESULT
BMI(Z=-3.049, p=.002) of the E . BG was significantly different from the EG. The Total Cholesterol(Z=-1.162, p=.250) of the E . BG was not significantly different from the EG. The self-esteem(Z=-3.196, p=.001) of the E.BG was significantly different from the EG.
CONCLUSION
The exercise . behavior modification therapy was more effective than the exercise therapy in improving the obesity and self-esteem of the obese female college students.

Evaluation of Community Health Center for Vulnerable Population in Urban Areas: Kyung Min Park, Chung Nam Kim, Hyo Jung Koh, Yeong Sook Park, Jung Sook Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(2):266-275. Published online June 30, 2007

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate achievements of a community health center for vulnerable population in urban areas and to find out its strength and weakness.
METHOD
This evaluative study employed system theories and analytic techniques.
RESULTS
The purpose of improving vulnerable population's health-related self-care abilities adequately met the operation of programs. This center maintained close connection to a nursing college as a information resource. The subjects' satisfaction was high because team members who visited them were faithful and there were face-to-face contact, sufficient time set, closeness and resourcefulness. There were needs for regular meetings to discuss overall matters in organizing the program and to improve management skills. The mean score of health promotion lifestyle was 2.23 on a 4 point scale. This score indicates what in higher than vulnerable people in other communities.
CONCLUSIONS
Community-based nursing centers for vulnerable population in urban areas should be developed as support organizations and community network.

The Relationships among the Suicidal Risk, Self-Esteem, and Spiritual Well-being of High School Students: Yeong Ah Kim, Young Sook Kwon, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2006;17(1):112-124. Published online March 31, 2006

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was carried out to investigate the relationships among suicidal risk, self-esteem, and spiritual well-being of high school students, and to provide basic data for developing suicide prevention programs.
METHOD
The subjects of this study were 1.176 high school students from six academic high schools and two technical high schools in Daegu City. Data were collected from the 13th to the 25th of September 2004. The research tools were the Suicide Probability Scale developed by Go. Kim and Lee (2000), the Self-Esteem Inventory modified by Choi and Jeon (1993), and the tool of Spiritual Well-Being modified by Yoo (2002). Data were analyzed with SPSS Windows 11.0.
RESULT
Variables that showed statistically significant difference in suicidal risk were school type, whether to have the best friends, the number of close friends, current relationship with close friends, experience of school violation, respect for the teacher, grades, financial condition, parents marital status, father's education level, mother's education level, home atmosphere, conversation with father, conversation with mother, smoking, drinking, experience of counseling for problems, whether to have physical illnesses, experience of thinking about suicide, experience of attempting suicide. Suicidal risk was in a significantly negative correlation with self-esteem and spiritual well-being.
CONCLUSION
The researcher identified many different variables that affect the suicidal risk of high school students. Self-esteem and spiritual well-being were found to be in a significant correlation with suicidal risk. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as basic data and information for suicidal prevention programs.

A Study the Health Problems of the Living-alone Elderly Using MDS-HC 2.0: Kyung Min Park, Ae Hwa Jaung; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2006;17(1):74-82. Published online March 31, 2006

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study used MDS-HC 2.0 to identify health problems in the elderly who live alone.
METHOD
The subjects of this study were 100 living-alone elders aged over 65 in Daegu city. This study was performed through home visiting interviews during the period from the 1st of September to the 30th of September 2005. Analysis in this study was made using SPSS Version 11.0.
RESULTS
Frequent health problems in the living-alone elderly were: preventive heath measure (90), health promotion (80), social function (78), visual function (75), depression and anxiety (61), pain and communication disorder (60), cognition (55), environmental assessment (48) and oral health (45) in order of frequency. Informal services were provided to 73% of the subjects for emotional support. IADL services were provided to 57% of the subjects, and ADL services to 66%.
CONCLUSION
Nursing intervention programs based on health problems from MDS-HC 2.0 should be provided in order to cope with individual health problems and living-alone elders needs. The results of this study suggest that MDS-HC 2.0 is applicable to help decide nursing interventions for the elderly who live alone in community.

Evaluation of Visiting Nursing Services for the Vulnerable Family in Urban Community: Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2004;15(1):56-66. Published online March 31, 2004

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to verify a change for family nursing phenomena and satisfaction of clients of vulnerable families in an urban community.
METHODS
The study subjects were 711 families, randomly selected, who had chronic diseases(arthritis diabetes, stroke, hypertension, mental disease, cancer, dementia) with basic social welfare services from the nation and had disabled persons in an urban community, South Korea. The instruments used were the family nursing phenomena in Korea by ICNP and client satisfaction. Client satisfaction consisted of client satisfaction on home visiting nurses(4-Likert scales) and home visiting services(3-Likert scales).
RESULTS
The average visiting number is 3.82. The service number of education and counseling is 3.16, patient and symptom management 3.08, assessment and diagnosis 3.08, test 2.02, medication service 1.71, dressing 1.01, referral to social welfare institute 1.00, referral to medical service institute 0.21. In both, pre-home visiting and post-home visiting, the highest rated phenomenon was the 'lack of social support system' and following that 'deficit of financial management skill and support', 'lack of family interaction in community', and 'social isolation' 'unhealthy life style' and 'inadequate care management of sick member', in that order. The percentages of phenomena besides 'deficit of financial management skill and support' decreased. The satisfaction level of clients towards the nurses was 3.27 points on a scale of 4, and the nursing services was 2.70 points on a scale of 3.
CONCLUSION
Home visiting nursing services should continue to provide comprehensive healthcare services and support for vulnerable families, in urban communities.

Effects of Smoking Cessation Program applying Aromatherapy massage on Smoking cessation in female college students: Sung Hee Lee, Kyung Min Park, Young Sook Kwon; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(4):608-616. Published online December 31, 2003

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of smoking cessation program applying aromatherapy massage on female college students' quitting of smoking.
METHODS
Forty-eight female college students were assigned to a smoking cessation program applying aromatherapy massage or a control group. The treatment group was taught to conduct a self hand massage with aroma essence oil. Lavender extra, Camomile roman and Bergamotte aroma essence oil were used for massage. The results of this study showed that the smoking cessation program applying aromatherapy massage resulted in significant effects on the number of cigarettes smoked per day, anxiety, smoking cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings presented above suggest that the smoking cessation program applying aromatherapy massage may be an effective intervention for female college students attempting to quit smoking to alleviate smoking-related anxiety and to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked, smoking cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

A Study on the Effects of the Kinesio Tape Method on Perimenstrual Discomforts: Eun Su Do, Kyung Min Park, Sung Hee Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(3):415-423. Published online September 30, 2003

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study aims to examine whether the kinesio tape method can relax perimenstrual symptoms and decrease the menstrual pain of those who complain of perimenstrual discomforts.
METHOD
This study has been designed to use the nonequivalent control group in the pre and post-test. The data have been collected from unmarried females complaining of perimenstrual discomfort and living in D city from the 2nd of February through the 10th of April, 2002. An experimental group of 32 people and a control group of 35 people were chosen, and they were first investigated for symptoms before and after menstruation when the menstrual pain was the severest and for the VAS measurement of menstrual pain. For the experimental group, the kinesio tape method was conducted two times a week for three weeks (six times in all), and the control group remained intact. The investigations after the experimental treatment were carried out in the same way as before. The measuring instruments were the perimenstrual measuring instruments of symptoms of 42 items and the menstrual pain was measured by VAS.
RESULT
The primary hypothesis: The experimental group who used the kinesio tape method would experience less perimenstrual discomfort than the control group who did not use it. The first sub-hypothesis: The first sub-hypothesis that suggests 'The experimental group who used the kinesio tape method would experience more relaxation of perimenstrual symptom than the control group who did not use it' was supported. The second sub-hypothesis: The second sub-hypothesis that suggests that 'The experimental group who used the kinesio tape method would get lower scores of menstrual pain of VAS than the control group who did not use it' was supported.
CONCLUSION
These results of the study show that the kinesio tape method is effective in relaxing perimenstrual symptoms and lessening menstrual pain.

Analysis of Research about Pulmonary Rehabilitation of Patients with COPD: Hee Jung Jang, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(2):312-322. Published online June 30, 2003

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study is aimed to analyze the trend of research on pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), and to suggest a direction for future research of pulmonary rehabilitation of COPD.
METHOD
A total of 39 studies published from 1991 to 2002 were examined according to the year of publication, type of journal, characteristics of patients, rehabilitation program, research design, and instruments and research findings.
RESULTS
1) The number of studies related to pulmonary rehabilitation of COPD patients has rapidly increased since 1996's (87.18%) 2) There were 10 studies published in the chest. There were 6 studies published in domestic journals and 33 studies published in international journals. 3) The samples in the studies were mostly outpatients whose lung function was moderate. 4) The total period of the pulmonary rehabilitation program shown in the literature was 5 to 12 weeks. The programs included exercise interventions, educational interventions and psychosocial interventions. 5) The outcomes of the pulmonary rehabilitation were measured with lung function, 6-minute walk test, dyspnea, and chronic respiratory disease questionnaire. Research findings were found to be effective on 6-minute walk test, dyspnea, and chronic respiratory disease questionnaire but not on lung function.
CONCLUSION
Based on these findings, pulmonary rehabilitation should be further emphasized, and standardized protocols and community based pulmonary rehabilitation programs need to be provided. More qualitative research should also be conducted in the future to describe the experiences of the pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with COPD.

Elementary School High Grade Students' Perceptions of Sexual Violence: Hee Jung Jang, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2003;14(1):45-54. Published online March 31, 2003

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify sexual violence, sexual knowledge of elementary school high grade students and develop the sexual violence protect promotion program.
METHOD
The subjects of the study were 365 elementary school high-grade students in Daegu, Gyeongbook. The instruments used in this study were sexual violence(8items) by Yom et al.(2001) and sexual knowledge(20items) by Ha(2000). The data were collected between November 26 and December 1, 2001 by using a self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of data was done by using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, A-NOVA and Duncan test with SPSS program.
RESULT
1) 78.4% of the subjects were educated for sexual knowledge. Source of knowledge for sex-related knowledge is the most teachers. 2) 50.9% of the subjects were educated for sexual violence. Source of knowledge for sexual violence is the most teachers. 3) 18.4% subjects experience sexual harassment. 8.8% of the subjects experienced serious sexual contact and 2.1% of the subjects were raped. 4) The average score of sex related knowledge was 8.93. The average score of misconception related sexual violence was 2.30. 5) Misconception of sexual violence was correlated with such demographic variables as grade(F=4.788, p=0.009), sex(t=2.971 p=0.003), region(t=3.614, p=0.000), father's education level(F=3.170, p=0.014), mother's education level(F=2.528, p=0.041), family income(F=5.577 p=0.004). 6) In the correlation between the scores of sex-related knowledge, misconception related sexual violence was a negative correlation.
CONCLUSION
According to this study, it is needed to develop the program about sexual violence education for elementary school high-grade students.

Validity Field Testing of Family Nursing Phenomen in Korea by the Retrospective Method of ICNP: Soon Nyung Yun, Hyun Sook Kim, Yong Suk Kwon, Kyung Min Park, Ji Hyun Lee, Young Ae Ko, Ae Young So, Soon Ok Yang, Young Im Kim, Hee Girl Kim, Jin Joo Oh, Myoung Ja Wang, Soon Lae Kim, Kyung Sook Kang, Ji Yun Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2002;13(3):423-432. Published online September 30, 2002

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Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to test the validity of characteristics of family nursing phenomena in Korea identified in a previous study by Yoon, S. Y, et al.(1999). Data for this study were collected from 355 (first measurement 186, second measurement 169) nurses whose family nursing careers were more than one year using a cross sectional survey method. The distribution per one characteristic ranged between 0 to 5. The phenomena that had two or more characteristics and had a score of 3.0 points or more included 'disturbance in marital role', 'disturbance in family communication', 'inappropriate family coping', 'lack of family intimacy', 'unhealthy life style', 'deficit of financial management skill and support', 'inadequate care management sick member', and 'inadequate home-making'. The essential characteristics of the 8 phenomena presented above included 27 items. Further studies on family nursing phenomena in Korea are needed to support the evidence through surveys of families in the field. A reconfirmation study, as well as qualitative research on the low validity of the characteristics, needs to be more performed in the future.

The Comparison of Health Promoting Behaviors for the Korean Elderly residing in Korea and Japan: Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2002;13(1):68-78. Published online March 31, 2002

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Abstract PDF: This study intended to analyze the health promoting behaviors by comparing various factors according to the residence areas(Korea or Japan) of Korean Elderly, and to present basic data in planning systematic and effective programs of health promotion for each residence area. The subjects of this study were 164 Korean elders in Daegu, South Korea, and 164 elders in Aichi prefecture, Japan. Data was collected by interviews and self-administered questionnaires from the 1st to the 20th of April in 2000. The tool for this study was based on Walker et al. (1987)'s Health Promotion lifestyle Profiles(HPLP). The analysis was performed with Cronbach's chi2-test, t-test, ANCOVA, Kendal tau, Pearson correlation, and Stepwise Multiple Regression test using SPSS program. The results are as follows: 1. There was a significant difference in occupation(chi2=41.3, p=0.000), the source of the pocket money(chi2=114.36, p=0.000) by the residence areas in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. 2. There was a significant difference between the two groups on the health promoting behaviors (t=-8.19, p=0.000). The score of elders group in the South Korean group on health promoting behaviors was 2.32, showing 0.33 lower than that of the elders group in Japan(2.65). 3. ANCOVA involving occupation and the source of pocket money as co-variables, showed significant differences (F=15.37, p=0.000) regarding health promoting behaviors according to the residence areas. 4. In consideration of variables that have an influence on health promoting behavior by residence areas, pocket money occupied 11.5% of health promoting behavior in the elders group in South Korea. In the elders group in Japan. pocket money occupied 18.1% of health promoting behavior and 20.6% including education. The suggestions based on the results of this study are as follows: 1. It is necessary to develop tealth promoting programs considering the residence areas of Korean elders. 2. It is necessary to develop social programs for improving the education level and solving pocket money problems, which are the significant factors for the health promoting behavior of Keran elders.

Effect of Sex Education on Middle School Students' Access to the Obscene Online Computer and Video Film Contents: Hae Ja Woo, Chung Nam Kim, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2001;12(3):795-814. Published online December 31, 2001

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Abstract PDF: To evaluate the effect of sex education on middle school students' access to the obscene online computer and video film contents, 154 students were selected as experimental group, and 154 students were selected as control group, sampled randomly from Andong, Kyungbook, Korea. An analysis was performed. A non-equivalent control group pre test-post test research design was used. The data were collected from April 2nd to April 19th, 2001. A pre-survey was done on general characteristics and the condition of accessing obscene online computer and video film contents on both experimental and control group. From the survey results information, sex education contents were put together. The researcher organized 3 ready-made sex education program and explained to the four school health nurses about the ready-made sex education program step by step and they educated their selected students with three classes of 45 minutes lecture. Two weeks after the last lecture, a post-test was conducted. Four weeks from the last lecture, another post-test was conducted. The existing studies by Choi Yongseon(1998) and Kim Hyeok(1998) were reviewed and two professors in the department of community health nursing advised on the study questionnaire writing. An SPSS Win 10.0 was used. The data of respondents' general characteristics were analyzed using frequency and percentage. chi2 test was used to verify the homogeneity of the experimental group and the control group. Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to find out whether sex education had an effect on the awareness of obscene online computer and video film contents and under-age prostitution through the online computer networks, and time and frequency of access to the obscene online computer and video film contents. The results of the study are as follow. 1. The results of the verification of homogeneity between the experimental group and the control group showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. 2. The first hypothesis, 'the experimental group which received sex education would have a higher level of awareness of accessing obscene contents than the control group which did not receive the education' was supported at p<0.0001. 3. The second hypothesis, 'the experimental group which received sex education would have a higher level of awareness of underage prostitution on computer networks than the control group which did not receive the education' was supported at p<0.05. 4. The third hypothesis, 'the experimental group which received sex education would spend time less accessing obscene video and computer contents than the control group which did not receive the education' was rejected at p>0.05. 5. The 4-1 hypothesis, 'the experimental group which received sex education would access obscene computer contents less frequently than the control group which did not receive the education' was supported at p<0.0001. 6. The 4-2 hypothesis, 'the experimental group which received sex education would access obscene video contents less frequently than the control group which did not receive the education' was supported at p<0.0001. In conclusion, a systematic step-by-step sex education program should be developed to protect middle school students from the harmful online computer and video film access. An effective teaching material for sex education should be prepared to decrease middle school students' access to obscene online computer and video film contents.

The Scenario Approach Method for Family Nursing Intervention Based on the Movie "Mabin's Room": Kyung Min Park, Jung Nam Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2001;12(3):627-638. Published online December 31, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Recognition of Efficiency and Effectiveness of the Experiences with Hand Acupuncture: Yeon Joo Lee, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2001;12(1):278-287. Published online March 31, 2001

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study is to provide with basic information on application of hand acupuncture as a complementary and alternative therapy by giving some recognition of efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture. And so, answers for questionnaires of 290 respondents were used for this research and collected from June 5 through 13, 1999 from adults twenty and over who were participating in the hand acupuncture training program in Seoul and had some direct experiences with hand acupuncture therapy, whatever they had been treated and/or had treated. To secure reliability of measurement tool, Cronbach'a has been calculated and Factor Analysis was done as Validity Analysis of question classification. Demographical characteristics of hand acupuncture experienced people and factors related to hand acupuncture experiences are calculated based on the real number and percentage. The degree of recognition of efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture is made as average and standard deviation, while the degree of recognition of efficiency and effectiveness based on general characteristics come from one-way ANOVA. 1. According to socio-demographical analysis, the questioned could be classified firstly as age (40-49 : 32.5%, 30-39 : 24.9%, 50-59 : 21.9%, 60-69 : 14.7%, 20-29 : 6.0%), secondly gender (male : 36.6%, female : 63.4%), thirdly occupation (housewife : 43.8%, self-employed : 15.5%, company-employee : 14.8%), fourthly education (high school graduate : 41.9%, college graduate : 37.9%), and lastly monthly-income (1 to 2 million : 51.4%, 2 to 3 million : 20.3%) 2. As for the general aspects related to hand acupuncture, 80.0% of the respondents answered almost zero for the monthly average number of visit to hospital and 15.5% responded 1 to 2 visits. 6.2% of the respondents is complaining of a disorder of digestive system, 19.0% circulatory disease, 10.7% bad nervous system. By utilizing hand acupuncture, 84% of the questioned have following experiences in curing diseases: digestive system 47.3%, circulatory system 9.3%, nervous system 8.3%. 54.1% are curing 1 to 2 and 10.3% 3 to 4 patients on a daily basis with hand acupuncture. Research on the demerits of giving medical treatment with hand acupuncture shows 23.8% are feeling economic burden, 16.6% difficulty of learning and 16.2% weak theoretical backgrounds. 3. Among the efficiency recognition, possibility of general application is average 4.29 and simple treatment is 4.19, economic merits 4.36, possibility of establishment with supplementary and alternative medicine 4.17, medical effectiveness 4.09. 4. As a result of demographical analysis on the efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture therapy, it appears that the recognition of efficiency based on occupation and the recognition of effectiveness based on monthly income are most significant to be noticed. In an orderly fashion, government-employee, self-employed, company-employee, and then housewife have perceived hand acupuncture very efficiently. And those who recognize hand acupuncture to be most effective are people earn 1 million to 2 million won a month. 5. The efficiency(p=.003) and effectiveness (p=.049) of hand acupuncture therapy by number of visit to hospital were statiscally significant, and effectiveness of hand acupuncture therapy by disease exist was statiscally significant (p=.033).

A Study about the Factors Affecting Hearing loss in Adolescent's use of Personal Cassette Players(PCPs): Kyung Hee Lim, Kyung Min Park, Myung Hwa Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2001;12(1):125-141. Published online March 31, 2001

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting hearing loss in adolescent's use of PCPs, and to give the basic data for adolescent's hearing conservation program development and prevention education against their hearing loss. This study was a descriptive research about three factors affecting hearing loss ; the knowledge and attitude about noise, the perception of hearing loss and the hearing threshold. The subjects of this study were 383 students in two general high schools and two vocational high schools in Teagu. They have been using PCPs but with no current or past ear disease. This study was carried out from Sep. 1, 2000 to Oct. 24, 2000. The instrument used for the knowledge and attitude about noise was a questionnaire developed by Rhee, Kyung Yong and Yi, Kwan Hyung(1996). The instrument used for the perception of hearing loss was a Smith Hearing Screening Questionnaire. A Belton Model 112 Audiometer, air-conduction hearing test instrument, was used for the hearing threshold. Data was analysed by a SPSS/Win 10.0 program with frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and pearson correlation. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The average of concern about hearing scored the highest 3.66+/-0.70. The average of perceived susceptibility scored 2.64+/-0.85 and the average of knowledge about noise scored 2.13+/-0.56. The average of total knowledge and attitude about noise scored 2.82+/-0.46. The average of discomfort of hearing loss(2.51+/-0.81) scored higher than that fear of hearing loss(1.35+/-0.53). The average of total perception of hearing loss scored 1.93+/-0.59. The hearing threshold of the subjects scored the highest at 500Hz(Lt. 23.21+/-6.62, Rt. 23.39 +/-7.02) and scored higher in order of 1000Hz, 2000Hz, 4000Hz and 8000Hz. 2. The knowledge and attitude about noise and the perception of hearing loss were both affected only by one important characteristic, which was general and vocational high schools. The knowledge and attitude about noise raked (t=5.258, p=0.000), and perception of hearing loss raked(t=2.241, p=0.026). However, several other important characteristics also impacted significantly on the knowledge and attitudes about noise. They included grade(t=1.987, p=0.048), father's education(F=2.745, p=0.043), marks(F=3.157, p=0.044), drinking(t=2.307, p=0.022) and smoking(t=2.587, p=0.010). The left hearing threshold differed significantly by sex at 1000Hz(t=5.175, p<0.001) and 8000Hz (t=3.334, p<0.01). According to general and vocational high schools(p<0.001), at 500Hz (t=-5.056), 1000Hz (t=-5.253), 2000Hz (t=-4.905), 4000Hz (t=-4.704) and 8000Hz (t=-5.204) significant differences were also shown. Marks were significant at 1000Hz (F=3.824, p<0.05) and drinking was found to be significant at 500Hz(t=2.203, p<0.05). The right hearing threshold differed significantly by sex at 1000Hz(t=5.557, p<0.001), 4000Hz(t=2.234, p<0.05) and 8000Hz (t=2.730, p<0.01). According to general and vocational high schools(p<0.001) at 500Hz (t=-4.730), 1000Hz(t=-6.271), 2000Hz (t=-4.573), 4000Hz(t=-3.554) and 8000Hz (t=-3.405) significant differences were also shown. Grades impacted at 500Hz(t=2.201, p<0.05) and 4000Hz(t=2.511, p<0.05), while marks were significant at 1000Hz(F=4.115, p<0.05) and drinking was significant at 500Hz(t=2.333, p<0.05). 3. The left hearing threshold in accordance with use of PCPs differed significantly at 2000Hz(F=2.996, p=0.031) according to volume level and at 8000Hz(F=2.197, p=0.022) according to durationxhours per day. The right hearing threshold differed significantly at 1000Hz(F=3.075, p=0.028) according to volume level and at 8000Hz(F=2.925, p=0.034) according to duration. 4. The knowledge and attitudes about noise showed a light positive correlation with the perception of hearing loss. A positive correlation was shown, as stated previously in all Hz, between the left hearing threshold and the right hearing threshold, especially the highest correlation at 2000Hz(r=0.761, p=0.000). This study has shown that the factors related to adolescent's use of PCPs are important as they impact significantly an adolescent's hearing. These results then indicate that in future, when designing a hearing conservation program and prevention education this data should be considered.

Effects of School Safety Education on the Safety Behavior among Elementary School Students in Korea: Myung Ae Jung, Kyung Min Park, Young Sook Kwon; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2000;11(2):566-576. Published online December 31, 2000

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Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to examine the effects of school safety education on the safety behavior among elementary school students. Sixty-two 4th grade students were sampled from an elementary school in Pohang city and divided into one experimental group and one control group. The safety education has been provided to the experimental group for 4 weeks The data were collected before, just after, and 8 weeks after the education. In the pre-test, the general characteristics and safety behavior between two groups were measured. The experimental group was given school safety education twice a week for 4weeks. They also filled out the self behavior check list. In the post-test and follow up-test safety behavior was collected. The data analysis was done using chi2-test. t-test. Repeated measures ANOVA, analysis of simple main effect and time contrast methods, they were processed with an SPSS Win 9.0/pc. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) There were no differences between experimental group and control group on the general characteristics and safety behavior in the pre-test. 2) The hypothesis: 'The experimental group which was given school safety education will show higher scores on safety behavior than the control group which was not given this was supported(F=6.43 p=0.01). 3) The subhypothesis 1 : 'The scores on the indoor safety behavior of the experimental group which was given school safety education will show higher than those of the control group which were given this was supported(F=3.59 p=0.03). 4) The subhypothesis 2 : 'The scores on the outdoor safety behavior of the experimental group which was given, school safety education will show higher than those of the control group which was not given this was supported(F=5.70 p=0.00). In consequence, the experimental group which was given school safety education scored higher on safety behavior than the control group. Therefore, school safety education should continue to encourage safety behavior among elementary school students.

Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles of the Korean Elderly in Japan: Ae Hwa Jaung, Kyung Min Park, Mi Kyung Ryu; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2000;11(2):470-485. Published online December 31, 2000

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to investigate health promotion lifestyle profiles of the Korean elderly in Japan. The subjects of this study were 202 elders in Aichi prefecture. The method of this study questionnaires interviews, and a self-administered questionnaire from the 1st to the 20th of April in 2000. This study tool was based on Walker et al. (1987)'s Health Promotion lifestyle Profiles (HPLP). Analysis of the data used an SPSS/pc+ WIN 9.0 program. Data analyses were conducted by using frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA. Pearson correlation, Kendal tau and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results were as follows: 1. The average score of Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles of Korean elderly in Japan was 2.72(SD=0.40). On the sub-scale of Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles: nutrition(M=3. 06), self-actualization(M=2.99), interpersonal support (M=2.81), stress management (M=2.68) revealed higher scores, whereas the scores of health responsibility(M=2.52), and exercise(M=1.92) were lower. 2. Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles were significantly different by age (F=11. 02, p=.000), religion(F=2.96, p=.033), occupation(F=6.91, p=.000), living family status(F=13.07, p=.000), living family number(F=11.74, p=.000), monthly pocket money(F=18.79, p=.000), the source of pocket money (F=7.18, p=.000), and the length of residence(F=9.79, p=.000). 3. Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles was significantly predicted by monthly pocket money(r2 change=0. 188, p=.000), sex(r2 change=0.066, p=.000), the length of residence(r2 change=0.059, p=.000), the source of pocket money(r2 change=0.036, p=.000), age (r2 change=0.018, p=.000). These variables showed a positive correlation with health promotion lifestyle profiles of the Korean elderly in Japan. These variables explained 36.7% of the variance of Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles. On the basis of the above findings, Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles programs for Korean elderly in Japan needs be to developed with Japanese social-culture perspectives and needs to develop an intervention method to improve Health Promotion Lifestyle Profiles. It is also suggested that further research is required.

Analysis on the Attitude and Beliefs of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Nurses: Kyung Hee Lee, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2000;11(1):222-230. Published online June 30, 2000

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Abstract PDF: Complementary & Alternative Medicine(CAM) have become increasingly popular with health care consumer in recent years. The nurse's attitude and beliefs about CAM will influence the response. to the patient's demands and inquiries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the attitude and beliefs of nurses about CAM. The study was performed in 600 nurses from October to December in 1999 : Nurses were working one university hospital & one general hospital were located in TaeGu city. and two general hospitals located in Kyung Buk city. The study used specially designed questionnaire to 600 nurses, and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, ANOVA data based on 460 completed questionnaire. The findings of the study are as following. 1. The credible forms of subject about CAM were ranked acupunture (66.1%). herbal medicine(56.5%), Sooji chim (50.4%) et al. 2. In the credibility of subject about CAM there were not significant difference by age. clinical career, marriage, health status. The most reason of positive credibility was 'Being human perspective and spiritual supporting'. While the most reason of negative credibility was 'the lack of science test and doubt of disease treatment'. 3. In the experienced rate of subject about CAM there were significant difference not by health status but by age(chi2=10.096, p= .006), clinical career(chi2=7.648 p= .022), marriage(chi2=9.317. p= .002). In the satistied rate of subject about CAM there were not significant difference by age, clinical career, marriage, health status. 4. The most usable forms of subject about CAM in nurse's practice was Mu(sic therapy55.9%), and ranked massage (50.9%), acupressure(32.8%). Sooji chim (27.8%) et al.

The Relationships of Blood Pressure with Dietary Habit and Level of Physical Fitness of Middle-aged Male Workers by Age: Kyung Min Park, Jeong Sook Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2000;11(1):105-116. Published online June 30, 2000

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship of blood pressure with dietary habit and level of physical fitness of middle-aged male workers by age. The study subjects included 511 male employees who have worked at a company in C City, whose age was more than 40 years old. Between April 10 and May 30. 1998, all of the study subjects measured physical fitness (Balance, strength, power, agility, flexibility and endurance) and blood pressure. A questionnair was administered for dietary habit and socio-demographic characteristics. The average age (SD) of the study subjects was 46.61(3.98) years. The study subjects were classified by age into 3 groups; 40-44 aged group(34.6%), 45-49 aged group(41.3%), and 50-54 aged group (24.1%). The score of dietary habit of 40-44 aged group was 69.77+/-5.82 that of 45-49 aged group was 69.77+/-5.83, and that of 50-54 aged group was 71.85+/-6.82(p=0.005). But age of health physical fitness tend to weaken in the age of 40-44. Systolic(p=.011) and Diastolic blood pressure (p=.011) were significantly increased with age increment. Diastolic blood pressure and dietary habit of 45-49 aged group showed the significant negative-correlation(r=.280. P<0.05). and Diastolic blood pressure and age of health physical fitness of 40-44 aged group showed the significant positive-correlation(r=.182. P<0.05). On the basis of the results of this study. I hope occupational nurses should play an active role to improve dietary habit and physical fitness for prevention of hypertension with increase of age in middle-aged male workers.

Comparision of Family Environment, Health Behavior and Health State of Elementary Students in Urban and Rural Areas: Yeon Suk Bae, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1998;9(2):502-517. Published online December 31, 1998

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Abstract PDF: This research intends to survey family environment, health behavior and health status of the students in urban-rural elementary schools and analyze those factors comparatively, and use the result as basic material for school health teacher to teach health education in connection with family and regional areas. It also intends to improve a pupil's self-abilitiy in health care. The subjects involve 2,774 students of urban elementary schools and 583 student in rural ones, who were selected by means of a multi-stage probability sampling. Using the questionnaire and school documents, we collected data on family environment, health behavior and health status for 19 days. Feb. 2nd 1998 through Feb. 20th 1998. The R-form of Family Environment Scale (Moos, 1974) was used in the analysis of family environment(Cronbach's Alpha=0.80). Questionnaires of Health Behavior in School-aged children used by the WHO in Europe(Aaro et al., 1986) and the ones developed by the Health Promotion Committee of the Western Pacific(WHO, 1995)(adapted by long Young-suk and Moon Young-hee(1996)) were used in the analysis of health behavior, as well documents on absences due to sickness, school health room-visits, levels of physical strength, height, weight and degree of obesity were used to determine health status. In next step, We used them with an chi2-test, t-test, Odds Ratio, and a 95% Confidence Interval. 1. In two dimensions of three, family-relationship (t=3.41, p=0.001) and system-maintenances(t=2.41, p=0.0l6) the mean score of urban children were significantly higher than those of rural ones. In the personal development dimension however, there was little significant difference. Assorting family environment into 10 sub-fields and analyzing them, we recognized that urban children were superior to rural children in the sub-fields of expressiveness (t=3.47, p=0.001), conflict (t=0.48, p=0.001), active-recreational orientation (t=1.97, p=0.049) and organization (t=4.33, p=0.000). 2. Referring to the Odds Ratios of urban-rural children's health behaviors, urban children set up more desirable behavior than rural children wear ing safety belts (Odds Ratio=0.32, p=0.000), washing hands after meals(Odds Ratio=0.43, p=0.000), washing hands after excreting (Odds Ratio=0.39, p=O.OOO), washing hands after coming-home ( Odds Ratio=0.75, p=0.003), brushing teeth before sleeping(Odds Ratio=0.45, p=0.000), brushing teeth more than once a day (Odds Ratio=0.73, p=0.0l2), drinking boiled water (Odds Ratio=0.49, p=0.000), collecting garbage at home(Odds Ratio=0.31, p=0.000) and in the school(Odds Ratio=0. 67, p=0.000). All these led to significant differences. As to taking milk(Odds Ratio=1.50, p=0.000), taking care of eyesight(Odds Ratio=1.41, p=0.001) and getting physical exercise in(Odds Ratio=1.33, p=0.0l9) and outside the school(Odds Ratio=1.32, p=0.005), rural children had more desirable behavior which also revealed a significant difference. There was little significant difference in smoking, but the smoking rate of rural children(5.5%) was larger than that of urban children(3.9%). 3. Health status was analyzed in terms of absences, school health room-visits, levels of physical strength, and the degree of obesity, height and weight. Considering Odds Ratios of the health status of urban-rural children, the health status of rural children was significantly better than that of the urban ones in the level of physical strength(t=1.51, p=0.000) and the degree of obesity(t=1.84, p=0.000). The mean height of urban children (150.4+/-7.5cm) is taller than that of their counterparts(149.5+/-7.9), which revealed a significant difference (t=2.47, p=0.0l4). The mean weight of urban children(42.9+/-8.6kg) is larger than that of their counterparts(41.8+/-9.0kg), which was also a significant difference(t=2.81, p=0.005). Considering the results above, we can recognize that there are significant differences in family environment, health behavior, and health status in urban-rural children. These results also suggestion ideas for health education. What we would suggest for the health program of elementary schools is that school health teachers should play an active role in promoting the need and importance of health education, develop the appropriate programs which correspond to the regional characteristics, and incorporate them into schools to improve children's ability to manage their own health management.

Alcohol Intake in Relation to Cardiovascular Risk Factors among (Middle Age) South Korean Men: Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1998;9(1):232-241. Published online June 30, 1998

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Comparison of Health Practice and Health status of college students according to Sex: Kyung Min Park, Young Sook Kwon, Chung Nam Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1996;7(2):257-264. Published online December 31, 1996

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to compare health practice and health status college students according to sex. The data consisted of a random sample of 743 students (388 males and 355 females) at 4 colleges in Pohang city. The analytic methods for the study were chi-square analysis and an odds ratio analysis. The results were as follows: 1. The most prevalent religious group was protestant (35.7%). The most prevalent monthly income of parents was 100-200 million won. The educational level of the father was college level or more for 60% of the samples for the mother, 70% was a high school graduate or more. 2. As far as health practice female students practiced better health than male students concerning smoking while male students practiced better health than female students in exercise and BMI(P<.001). 3. Odds ratio (OR) of the female students to the male students for BMI (odds ratio=0.30), exercise(odds ratio=0.15), alcohol drinking (odds ratio=0.69) were all significantly smaller than 1. On the other hand, ORS for smoking was significantly greater than 1. 4. A good health pratice score(5-7) were 38.1% in male students and 26.9% in female students. 5. Health pratice had a statistically significant association with physical well-being among male students. OR of the bad health pratice for physical well-being (OR=1.59) was significantly greater than 1.

Agreement and Digit Preference of Blood Pressure Measurements Between pairs of Random-Zero Sphygmomanometer, Digit Automatic Device and Regular Mercury Sphygmomanometer on Hypertensive Urban Young African-American Men: Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1996;7(1):170-177. Published online June 30, 1996

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

The Diagnosis for Educational Behavioral Strategies of Community Health Nurse-Community Health Worker for Control of Hypertensive Urban Young Black Men in America: Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1996;7(1):80-99. Published online June 30, 1996

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Abstract PDF: Young black men(YBM) have the most severs levels of high blood pressure(HBP) and, in all reports but one, the lowest of HBP control of any age /sex /race group. To increase entry into care, remaining in care, and BP control for young(18-49 years) Black men, It is needed to review socio-demographic, medical characteristics, and behaviors(importance of and difficulty with HBP control behaviors, or worry about mdication) for experimental intervention study(educational- behavior strategies) of hypertensive urban young black men. The 204 participants had an average age of 38.8+7.0 years and an average educational level of 11.0{2.4 years; only 23.1% were employed full- or part-time while 26% were on disability ; and 6% were married. Only 35.3% had an MD for HBP care and 37.3% had some form of health insurance. The average BP of those men currently being in care on medication(35.3%) was 148.2/95.1{19.5/11.3 compared to those men not taking HBP care 153.7/99.1{14.0/9.8(p<.05). The average creatinine level was 1.3(excluding 3 marked elevations of 15.9, 9.6, and 7.7) for the 163 men consenting to have their blood drawn. Self-reported co-morbidity induded heart disease 7.8%, diabetes 8.9%, high cholesterol 18.2%, CVA 3.4%, alcohol and drug related problems 27.9% and 22.5% respectively. The kidney disease of those men currently being in care & on medication was 9.7 compared to those men not taking HBP care 0.8(p<.05). The problems of with sex life, physicl activity and dearly thinking of those men currently being in care & on medication was higher compared to those men not taking HBP care(p<.05). Questions of "during the past month, on how many days did you have 5 or more drinks (bottles) of any alcoholic beverag?" and smoking of those men currently being in care & on medication was 18.1% and 72.2% compared to those men not taking HBP care 27.3 and 82.6%, respectively. HBP control behaviors was assessed with 1-5 point Likert subscales(5=extreme, 1-none at all), In general, th men reportd low levels of perceived psychological barrier to HBP care and control behaviors; importance of and difficulty with HBP control behaviors, or worry about mdication. For example, on a five point scale(1=none at all, 5=extreme), average ratings for perceived important and difficulty with BP care and behaviors were 2.8(SD=1.2) and 2.5(SD=1.1). Average ratings for perceived benefit with BP care and behaviors worry about medication of those men currently being in care on medication was 4.0(SD=0.9) and 2.2(SD=1.1) compared to those men not taking HBP care 3.6(SD=0.8), 2.8 (SD=1.6) respectively(p<.05). These data support the need for educational-behavioral strategies of community health nurse to improve high blood pressure control in this high risk group through perceived barriers to treatment, health care skills and use of resources, and social support.

A Study on The Status of Health Examination and Health Management of Industrial Companies in the Taegu and Kyungbook Areas: Sang Soon Kim, Jung Nam Kim, Jung Park, Ok Ran Kim, Kyung Mi Cha, Ou Ke Kwak, Kyung Min Park, Yoon Hee Choi, Kyung Shin Bak; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1993;4(1):67-76. Published online June 30, 1993

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to find the status of health examination and health management of industrial companies located in Taegu and Kyung book areas. It will provide basic information for the provision of effective health management of industrial workers. 49 companies were selected as a study sample group, and data was collected by using a structured Questionnaire which was developed by the members of the Community Health Nursing Academy of Korean Nursing. The health managers of the companies filled out the Questionnaire. The data was gathered from Dec 20, 1992 to Jan 20. The results of the study was as follows : 1. The Study sample showed 85.7% manufacturing companies having 300 or more workers. 2. All the companies had health managers, and companies which had 1,000 or more workers had industrial physicians and nurses. Only 12.2% of the industrial physicians were full time employees, and almost all industrial nurses were full time employees. Except for industrial physicians and nurses, the proportion of hygienists (6.1%), nurses aids (4.1%), and environmental engineers (22.4%) with full time employment statuss was very low. The mean age of industrial physicians was 49.2 while that of industrial nurses was 27.2. The length of work experiences currently ranges for 1 to 3 years for all health workers: physicians, nurses, hygienists, and environmental engineers. 3. Health examination and follow up care 94.31% took general health examinations. Of those, the proportion of the workers, who were determined as C grade(in need of close examination) was 43.86%. The proportion of the workers who were determined as D grade was 22.19%. 13.28% of the workers evaluated at the D grade were taken as a gauge for temporary leave from work. While 8.7% and .09% of them were taken as gauge for a change in job, and or shortening work hours respectively. The proportion of workers who must have taken special examination was 65.04% and of those the proportion of the workers who actually took, the examination was 98.55%. 75% of the workers who were recommended for follow up care were given follow up care. The special examinations were done the most frequently to detect the effects of physical agents (59.2%). Direct notice to individual workers was used the most frequently as a method of notification after a special examination (61.2%). The length of time taken to receive the result of a special examination was less than 1 month (38.9%) and 36.7% had taken up to two months (36.7%.). Most results of special examination were obtained within 2 months. The referral rate of consulting special examination by health managers was estimated at 95.9%. 4. 89.8% of the companies had. their own company dispensaries and 75.5% of those. had separate dispensaries. 32.7% of the companies designated local clinics for health management of workers. Industrial nurses performed health examination the most frequently(1.4 points). Health appraisal for work places were. done the least(0.83 points).

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