Table 1General Characteristics, Health Behavior of Residents in Integrated Changwon
Variables |
Characteristics |
Categories |
Masan |
Jinhae |
Changwon |
x2 (p) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
General characteristics |
Age (year) |
<30 |
126 (13.65) |
109 (12.03) |
163 (17.60) |
77.67 (<.001) |
30~39 |
160 (17.33) |
211 (23.29) |
131 (14.15) |
40~49 |
187 (20.26) |
187 (20.64) |
238 (25.70) |
50~59 |
201 (21.78) |
190 (20.97) |
251 (27.11) |
≥60 |
249 (26.98) |
209 (23.07) |
143 (15.44) |
M±SD |
49.1±16.62a
|
47.8±15.83b
|
45.9±14.90c
|
9.41 (<.001) a, b>c |
Gender |
Male |
410 (44.42) |
417 (46.03) |
422 (45.58) |
0.51 (.776) |
Female |
513 (55.58) |
489 (53.97) |
504 (54.43) |
Resident area†
|
Dong |
716 (77.60) |
906 (100.00) |
868 (93.74) |
98.36 (<.001) |
Eup, Myeon |
207 (22.40) |
|
58 (6.26) |
Education |
≤Middle school |
258 (27.95) |
194 (21.41) |
159 (17.17) |
46.46 (<.001) |
High school |
318 (34.45) |
343 (37.86) |
360 (38.88) |
College (2~3 yr) |
120 (13.00) |
169 (18.65) |
137 (14.79) |
University (4 yr) |
227 (24.59) |
200 (22.08) |
270 (29.16) |
Household income per a family member (10,000 won) |
1st quintile |
227 (24.59) |
202 (22.30) |
168 (18.18) |
17.20 (.028) |
2nd quintile |
167 (18.09) |
166 (18.32) |
182 (19.70) |
3rd quintile |
176 (19.07) |
193 (21.30) |
180 (19.48) |
4th quintile |
168 (18.20) |
184 (20.31) |
210 (22.73) |
5th quintile |
185 (20.04) |
161 (17.77) |
184 (19.91) |
M±SD |
1,361.50±823.91 |
1,420.57±992.39 |
1,450.04±829.91 |
2.40 (.091) |
Resident duration |
More than 20 yr |
774 (83.86) |
600 (66.30) |
679 (73.41) |
75.30 (<.001) |
Less than 20 yr |
149 (16.14) |
305 (33.70) |
246 (26.59) |
Employment |
Employer |
124 (13.43) |
130 (14.35) |
123 (13.28) |
20.43 (<.001) |
Employee |
382 (41.39) |
451 (49.78) |
455 (49.14) |
No job or student |
417 (45.18) |
325 (35.87) |
348 (37.58) |
Health problem |
presence |
107 (11.59) |
108 (11.92) |
84 (9.07) |
4.63 (.099) |
none |
816 (88.41) |
798 (88.08) |
842 (90.93) |
Health behavior |
Smoking |
Yes |
204 (22.10) |
196 (21.63) |
163 (17.60) |
6.95 (.031) |
No |
719 (77.90) |
710 (78.37) |
763 (82.40) |
High risk drinking |
Yes |
274 (29.70) |
315 (34.77) |
281 (30.35) |
6.45 (.040) |
No |
649 (70.30) |
591 (65.23) |
645 (69.65) |
Moderate intensity exercise |
Yes |
196 (21.24) |
223 (24.61) |
242 (26.13) |
6.37 (.041) |
No |
727 (78.76) |
683 (75.39) |
684 (73.87) |
Total |
|
|
923 (100.00) |
906 (100.00) |
926 (100.00) |
|
Table 2Social Capital according to General Characteristics and Health Behavior of Residents in Integrated Changwon
Variables |
Characteristics |
Categories |
Trust |
Masan |
Jinhae |
Changwon |
n (%) |
x2 (p) |
n (%) |
x2 (p) |
n (%) |
x2 (p) |
General characteristics |
Age (year) |
≤30 |
76 (60.32) |
32.56 (<.001) |
42 (38.53) |
55.53 (<.001) |
84 (51.53) |
49.12 (<.001) |
30~39 |
101 (63.13) |
97 (45.97) |
75 (57.25) |
40~49 |
132 (70.59) |
88 (47.06) |
156 (65.55) |
50~59 |
146 (72.64) |
124 (65.26) |
183 (72.91) |
≥60 |
209 (83.94) |
150 (71.77) |
122 (85.31) |
Gender |
Male |
299 (72.92) |
0.36 (.551) |
231 (55.39) |
0.01 (.956) |
282 (66.82) |
0.01 (.939) |
Female |
365 (71.15) |
270 (55.21) |
338 (67.06) |
Resident area |
Dong |
533 (74.44) |
9.901 (.002) |
501 (55.30) |
- |
579 (66.71) |
.39 (.532) |
Eup, Myeon |
131 (63.29) |
|
41 (70.69) |
Education |
≤Middle school |
204 (79.07) |
16.97 (.001) |
137 (70.62) |
25.44 (<.001) |
129 (81.13) |
33.78 (<.001) |
High school |
217 (68.24) |
183 (53.35) |
250 (69.44) |
College (2~3 yr) |
73 (60.83) |
79 (46.75) |
69 (50.36) |
University (4 yr) |
170 (74.89) |
102 (51.00) |
172 (63.70) |
House hold income per a family member |
1th quintile |
170 (74.89) |
4.26 (.371) |
111 (54.95) |
4.01 (.404) |
127 (75.60) |
7.83 (.098) |
2nd quintile |
114 (68.26) |
98 (59.04) |
121 (66.48) |
3rd quintile |
120 (68.18) |
104 (53.89) |
112 (62.22) |
4th quintile |
121 (72.02) |
108 (58.70) |
137 (65.24) |
5th quintile |
139 (75.14) |
80 (49.69) |
122 (66.30) |
Resident duration |
More than 20 yr |
570 (73.64) |
6.90 (.009) |
365 (60.83) |
22.46 (<.001) |
479 (70.54) |
14.30 (<.001) |
Less than 20 yr |
94 (63.09) |
135 (44.26) |
141 (57.32) |
Employment status |
Employer |
89 (71.77) |
6.29 (.043) |
83 (63.85) |
4.49 (.106) |
82 (66.67) |
9.03 (.011) |
Employee |
259 (67.80) |
243 (53.88) |
285 (62.64) |
No job or student |
316 (75.78) |
175 (53.85) |
253 (72.70) |
Health problem |
Presence |
72 (67.29) |
1.30 (.255) |
65 (60.19) |
1.19 (.276) |
53 (63.10) |
0.62 (.430) |
None |
592 (72.55) |
436 (54.64) |
567 (67.34) |
Health behavior |
Smoking |
Yes |
143 (70.10) |
0.44 (.507) |
90 (45.92) |
8.90 (.003) |
103 (63.19) |
1.27 (.260) |
No |
521 (72.46) |
411 (57.89) |
517 (67.76) |
High risk drinking |
Yes |
173 (63.14) |
14.95 (<.001) |
153 (48.57) |
8.84 (.003) |
173 (61.57) |
5.30 (.021) |
No |
491 (75.65) |
348 (58.88) |
447 (69.30) |
Moderate intensity exercise |
Yes |
137 (69.90) |
0.51 (.474) |
119 (53.36) |
0.45 (.503) |
167 (69.01) |
0.62 (.429) |
No |
527 (72.49) |
382 (55.93) |
453 (66.23) |
Total |
|
|
664 (71.94) |
|
501 (55.30) |
|
620 (66.95) |
|
Variables |
Characteristics |
Categories |
Social participation |
Masan |
Jinhae |
Changwon |
n (%) |
x2 (p) |
n (%) |
x2 (p) |
n (%) |
x2 (p) |
General characteristics |
Age (year) |
≤30 |
76 (60.32) |
36.27 (<.001) |
68 (62.39) |
50.92 (<.001) |
86 (52.76) |
53.49 (<.001) |
30~39 |
119 (74.38) |
152 (72.04) |
94 (71.76) |
40~49 |
158 (84.49) |
163 (87.17) |
191 (80.25) |
50~59 |
170 (84.58) |
174 (91.58) |
208 (82.87) |
≥60 |
176 (70.68) |
165 (78.95) |
105 (73.43) |
Gender |
Male |
326 (79.51) |
5.74 (.017) |
340 (81.53) |
1.62 (.203) |
313 (74.17) |
0.04 (.847) |
Female |
373 (72.71) |
382 (78.12) |
371 (73.61) |
Resident area |
Dong |
546 (76.26) |
0.48 (.488) |
722 (79.69) |
- |
642 (73.96) |
0.07 (.795) |
Eup, Myeon |
153 (73.91) |
|
42 (72.41) |
Education |
≤Middle school |
177 (68.60) |
16.83 (.001) |
145 (74.74) |
5.58 (.134) |
109 (68.55) |
8.45 (.038) |
High school |
256 (80.50) |
280 (81.63) |
284 (78.89) |
College (2~3 yr) |
83 (69.17) |
131 (77.51) |
100 (72.99) |
University (4 yr) |
183 (80.62) |
166 (83.00) |
191 (70.74) |
House hold income per a family member |
1th quintile |
155 (68.28) |
5.27 (.261) |
144 (71.29) |
23.47 (<.001) |
118 (70.24) |
11.84 (.019) |
2nd quintile |
126 (75.45) |
122 (73.49) |
128 (70.33) |
3rd quintile |
133 (75.57) |
157 (81.35) |
133 (73.89) |
4th quintile |
134 (79.76) |
159 (86.41) |
157 (74.76) |
5th quintile |
151 (81.62) |
140 (86.96) |
146 (79.35) |
Resident duration |
More than 20 yr |
600 (77.52) |
8.34 (.004) |
485 (80.83) |
1.23 (.268) |
505 (74.37) |
.38 (.538) |
Less than 20 yr |
99 (66.44) |
237 (77.70) |
178 (72.36) |
Employment status |
Employer |
111 (89.52) |
29.10 (<.001) |
110 (84.62) |
4.54 (.104) |
98 (79.67) |
7.60 (.022) |
Employee |
304 (79.58) |
364 (80.71) |
346 (76.04) |
No job or student |
284 (68.11) |
248 (76.31) |
240 (68.97) |
Health problem |
Presence |
67 (62.62) |
11.33 (.001) |
77 (71.30) |
5.34 (.021) |
66 (78.57) |
1.06 (.303) |
None |
|
|
|
Health behavior |
Smoking |
Yes |
632 (77.45) |
645 (80.83) |
618 (73.40) |
8.90 (.003) |
103 (63.19) |
1.27 (.260) |
No |
|
|
517 (67.76) |
High risk drinking |
Yes |
151 (74.02) |
0.42 (.518) |
162 (82.65) |
1.36 (.244) |
122 (74.85) |
0.10 (.754) |
No |
548 (76.22) |
560 (78.87) |
562 (73.66) |
Moderate intensity exercise |
Yes |
217 (79.20) |
2.55 (.111) |
251 (79.68) |
0.01 (.996) |
210 (74.73) |
0.16 (.692) |
No |
482 (74.27) |
471 (79.70) |
474 (73.49) |
Total |
|
|
162 (82.65) |
6.49 (.011) |
190 (85.20) |
5.55 (.018) |
182 (75.21) |
0.31 (.581) |
537 (73.87) |
532 (77.89) |
502 (73.39) |
Variables |
Characteristics |
Categories |
Network |
Masan |
Jinhae |
Changwon |
n (%) |
x2 (p) |
n (%) |
x2 (p) |
n (%) |
x2 (p) |
General characteristics |
Age (year) |
≤30 |
106 (84.13) |
21.74 (<.001) |
97 (88.99) |
40.13 (<.001) |
136 (83.44) |
18.70 (.001) |
30~39 |
104 (65.00) |
143 (67.77) |
88 (67.18) |
40~49 |
130 (69.52) |
125 (66.84) |
159 (66.81) |
50~59 |
145 (72.14) |
151 (79.47) |
164 (65.34) |
≥60 |
201 (80.72) |
180 (86.12) |
95 (66.43) |
Gender |
Male |
286 (69.76) |
8.06 (.005) |
304 (72.90) |
6.67 (.010) |
271 (64.22) |
9.53 (.002) |
Female |
400 (77.97) |
392 (80.16) |
371 (73.61) |
Resident area |
Dong |
534 (74.58) |
0.11 (.738) |
696 (76.82) |
- |
602 (69.35) |
0.01 (.950) |
Eup, Myeon |
152 (73.43) |
|
40 (68.97) |
Education |
≤Middle school |
212 (82.17) |
5.28 (.153) |
166 (85.57) |
6.79 (.079) |
107 (67.30) |
15.35 (.002) |
High school |
231 (72.64) |
247 (72.01) |
236 (65.56) |
College (2~3 yr) |
84 (70.00) |
131 (77.51) |
113 (82.48) |
University (4 yr) |
159 (70.04) |
152 (76.00) |
186 (68.89) |
House hold income per a family member |
1th quintile |
176 (77.53) |
5.68 (.224) |
154 (76.24) |
0.27 (.992) |
104 (61.90) |
16.14 (.003) |
2nd quintile |
122 (73.05) |
130 (78.31) |
122 (67.03) |
3rd quintile |
130 (73.86) |
148 (76.68) |
120 (66.67) |
4th quintile |
131 (77.98) |
141 (76.63) |
147 (70.00) |
5th quintile |
127 (68.65) |
123 (76.40) |
148 (80.43) |
Resident duration |
More than 20 yr |
576 (74.42) |
0.02 (.879) |
487 (81.17) |
19.09 (<.001) |
464 (68.34) |
1.11 (.292) |
Less than 20 yr |
110 (73.83) |
208 (68.20) |
177 (71.95) |
Employment status |
Employer |
99 (79.84) |
30.29 (<.001) |
107 (82.31) |
13.66 (.001) |
95 (77.24) |
7.03 (.030) |
Employee |
248 (64.92) |
323 (71.62) |
299 (65.71) |
No job or student |
339 (81.29) |
266 (81.85) |
248 (71.26) |
Health problem |
Presence |
80 (74.77) |
0.01 (.911) |
81 (75.00) |
0.23 (.633) |
48 (57.14) |
6.45 (.011) |
None |
|
|
|
Health behavior |
Smoking |
Yes |
606 (74.26) |
615 (77.07) |
594 (70.55) |
8.90 (.003) |
103 (63.19) |
1.27 (.260) |
No |
|
|
517 (67.76) |
High risk drinking |
Yes |
152 (74.51) |
0.01 (.945) |
145 (73.98) |
1.13 (.287) |
110 (67.48) |
0.32 (.573) |
No |
534 (74.27) |
551 (77.61) |
532 (69.72) |
Moderate intensity exercise |
Yes |
209 (76.28) |
0.78 (.377) |
238 (75.56) |
0.43 (.510) |
206 (73.31) |
3.00 (.083) |
No |
477 (73.50) |
458 (77.50) |
436 (67.60) |
Total |
|
|
160 (81.63) |
6.97 (.008) |
183 (82.06) |
4.56 (.033) |
188 (77.69) |
10.76 (.001) |
526 (72.35) |
513 (75.11) |
454 (66.37) |
Table 3HRQoL according to General Characteristics and Health Behavior of Residents in Integrated Changwon
Variables |
Characteristics |
Categories |
Masana
|
Jnhaeb
|
Changwonc
|
F or t (p) |
Tuckey or Tamhane's T3 |
M±SD |
M±SD |
M±SD |
General characteristics |
Age (year) |
≤30 |
0.94±0.06 |
0.93±0.05 |
0.94±0.04 |
2.42 (.090) |
b<a, c |
30~39 |
0.94±0.03 |
0.93±0.04 |
0.94±0.03 |
5.12 (.006) |
b, c<a |
40~49 |
0.94±0.03 |
0.92±0.07 |
0.93±0.05 |
10.98 (<.001) |
50~59 |
0.92±0.09 |
0.91±0.07 |
0.92±0.08 |
1.09 (.336) |
≥60 |
0.85±0.17 |
0.82±0.18 |
0.86±0.16 |
1.75 (.174) |
Gender |
Male |
0.93±0.09 |
0.91±0.10 |
0.93±0.08 |
3.79 (.023) |
b<c |
Female |
0.90±0.12 |
0.89±0.12 |
0.91±0.09 |
6.03 (.002) |
b<c |
Resident area |
Dong |
0.91±0.11 |
0.90±0.11 |
0.92±0.09 |
8.80 (<.001) |
b<c |
Eup, Myeon |
0.91±0.09 |
|
0.90±0.09 |
-1.69 (.091) |
Education |
≤Middle school |
0.84±0.17 |
0.83±0.17 |
0.86±0.15 |
1.57 (.210) |
b<a, c |
High school |
0.93±0.05 |
0.91±0.07 |
0.93±0.05 |
10.36 (<.001) |
b<a, c |
College (2~3 yr) |
0.94±0.06 |
0.93±0.05 |
0.93±0.10 |
1.13 (.325) |
University (4 yr) |
0.94±0.06 |
0.92±0.09 |
0.94±0.03 |
7.44 (.001) |
House hold income per a family member |
1st quintile |
0.86±0.16 |
0.86±0.16 |
0.89±0.12 |
3.48 (.032) |
a, b<c |
2nd quintile |
0.91±0.11 |
0.91±0.08 |
0.92±0.08 |
0.96 (.385) |
b<a, c |
3rd quintile |
0.93±0.05 |
0.90±0.12 |
0.92±0.07 |
6.43 (.002) |
4th quintile |
0.93±0.05 |
0.92±0.07 |
0.93±0.09 |
1.83 (.161) |
5th quintile |
0.94±0.08 |
0.92±0.06 |
0.92±0.07 |
2.82 (.061) |
Resident duration |
More than 20 yr |
0.91±0.12 |
0.89±0.13 |
0.92±0.09 |
12.04 (<.001) |
b<a, c |
Less than 20 yr |
0.93±0.05 |
0.92±0.06 |
0.92±0.09 |
1.74 (.176) |
Employment status |
Employer |
0.94±0.04 |
0.91±0.11 |
0.93±0.04 |
6.41 (.002) |
b<a, c |
Employee |
0.94±0.05 |
0.92±0.06 |
0.93±0.05 |
10.78 (<.001) |
b<a, c |
No job or student |
0.88±0.15 |
0.87±0.15 |
0.90±0.12 |
3.94 (.020) |
b<c |
Health problem |
Presence |
0.77±0.22 |
0.80±0.17 |
0.84±0.19 |
3.31 (.038) |
a<c |
None |
0.93±0.07 |
0.91±0.09 |
0.93±0.06 |
11.50 (<.001) |
b<a, c |
Health behavior |
Smoking |
Yes |
0.93±0.08 |
0.92±0.10 |
0.93±0.07 |
1.94 (.145) |
b<c |
No |
0.90±0.12 |
0.89±0.11 |
0.92±0.09 |
8.17 (<.001) |
High risk drinking |
Yes |
0.93±0.08 |
0.92±0.06 |
0.93±0.07 |
1.71 (.181) |
b<c |
No |
0.90±0.12 |
0.89±0.13 |
0.91±0.09 |
8.58 (<.001) |
Moderate intensity exercise |
Yes |
0.93±0.06 |
0.91±0.08 |
0.92±0.06 |
2.50 (.083) |
b<c |
No |
0.91±0.12 |
0.89±0.12 |
0.92±0.09 |
6.95 (.001) |
Total |
|
|
0.91±0.11 |
0.90±0.11 |
0.92±0.09 |
8.49 (<.001) |
b<a, c |
Table 4The Effect of Social Capital on HRQoL of Residents in Integrated Changwon
Variables |
Masan†
|
Jinhae†
|
Changwon†
|
B‡
|
SE‡
|
β‡
|
t |
p
|
B‡
|
SE‡
|
β‡
|
t |
p
|
B‡
|
SE‡
|
β‡
|
t |
p
|
Social capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trust (ref No) |
-0.005 |
0.007 |
-0.020 |
-0.71 |
.481 |
0.001 |
0.007 |
0.007 |
0.22 |
.827 |
0.003 |
0.006 |
0.014 |
0.46 |
.646 |
Participation (ref No) |
0.019 |
0.007 |
0.072 |
2.59 |
.010 |
0.046 |
0.008 |
0.169 |
5.61 |
<.001 |
0.028 |
0.006 |
0.143 |
4.64 |
<.001 |
Network (ref contact less 1/week) |
0.025 |
0.007 |
0.098 |
3.51 |
<.001 |
0.006 |
0.008 |
0.022 |
0.75 |
.455 |
-0.011 |
0.006 |
-0.057 |
-1.82 |
.069 |
|
Adj. R2=.34, F=25.05, p<.001 |
Adj. R2=.27, F=18.41, p<.001 |
Adj. R2=.20, F=12.45, p<.001 |