The Quality of Life in COPD Patients according to Gender: Based on the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Kyung Sook Kang; Soon Ok Na; Young Beob Yu; Jun Ho Shin

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.2.61

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Original Article
The Quality of Life in COPD Patients according to Gender: Based on the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Kyung Sook Kang, Soon Ok Na, Young Beob Yu, Jun Ho Shin; Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2015;26(2):61-68.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.2.61
Published online: June 30, 2015

¹Department of Nursing Science, Nambu University, Gwangju, Korea.

²Nursing Service, Chunnam National University Hopsital, Gwangju, Korea.

³Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Development, Nambu University, Gwangju, Korea.

⁴Department of Preventive Medicine, Chunnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.

• Received: October 15, 2014 • Revised: January 20, 2015 • Accepted: February 10, 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract

Abstract

Purpose
In this study, we performed a comparative analysis on the quality of life (QoL) in male and female chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients based on the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV) from 2007 to 2010.
Methods
We extracted the socio-demographic and clinical data of 1,218 COPD patients including 874 men and 344 women from the KNHANES IV database. Descriptive statistics and correlation test were used to analyze the data. In order to find factors associated with QoL of COPD patients, we conducted multivariate linear regression analysis.
Results
Infrequency analysis, the educational level and income were lower in the female COPD patients than in the male ones. The QoL indexes including mobility, self-care, activities of daily living, discomfort, anxiety, and depression were significantly worse in the female of COPD patients than in the male ones (p<.01).
Conclusion
Our study indicates that QoL of female COPD patients should be improved on the educational, economic, and healthcare aspects.
Key Words: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Quality of life; Gender

Table 1

Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Population (N=1,218)

Characteristics	Categories	Men (n=874)	Women (n=344)	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	p
Gender		874 (71.6)	344 (28.4)
Age (year)		64.3±9.52	65.3±10.53	.17
Educational level	≤Middle school	552 (63.2)	294 (85.5)	<.01
Educational level	≥High school	322 (36.8)	50 (14.5)	<.01
Spouse	With	782 (89.5)	193 (56.1)	<.01
Spouse	Without	92 (10.5)	151 (43.9)	<.01
Income status	Highest	334 (38.2)	98 (28.5)	<.01
Income status	Lowest	540 (61.8)	246 (71.5)	<.01
Area of residence	Urban	550 (62.9)	210 (61.0)	.54
Area of residence	Rural	324 (37.1)	134 (39.0)	.54
Height		166.6±6.21	152.4±6.62	<.01
Weight		64.9±9.47	54.8±9.02	<.01
BMI		23.3±2.72	23.6±3.31	.29
Smoking	None-smoking (5 pack or less)	102 (11.7)	274 (79.7)	<.01
Smoking	Smoking (5 pack or more)	772 (88.3)	70 (20.3)	<.01
FVC (%)		88.9±14.37	90.5±16.01	.09
FEV1P (%)		76.8±16.61	76.7±16.64	.94
EQ-5D index		0.9±0.13	0.8±0.17	<.01

Table 2

Correlation of EQ-5D Index and Clinical Characteristics in Men and Women with COPD

Variables	Categories	EQ-5D index	BMI	FEV₁ P	Age	Height	Weight
Men	EQ-5D index	1	.134^*	.123^**	-.247^**	.156^**	.179^*
	BMI		1	.088^**	-.178^**	.148^**	.861^**
	FEV₁ P			1	.049	-.026	.054
	Age				1	.390^**	-.340^**
	Height					1	.627^**
	Weight						1
Women	EQ-5D index	1	-.079	-.076	-.371^**	.205^**	.040
	BMI		1	.026	.014	.002	.848^**
	FEV₁ P			1	.215^**	-.087	-.018
	Age				1	-.470^**	-.231^**
	Height					1	.527^**
	Weight						1

^*p<.05, ^**p<.01.

Table 3

The Differences of EQ-5D Subgroups

EQ-5D Index	Men	Women	t	p
Mobility	1.2±0.44	1.5±0.55	-8.67	<.001
Self care	1.1±0.24	1.1±0.33	-4.08	<.001
Usual activities	1.2±0.43	1.4±0.54	-6.01	<.001
Discomfort	1.3±0.56	1.6±0.65	-7.76	<.001
Anxiety/depression	1.1±0.34	1.3±0.56	-8.51	<.001

Table 4

Association Factors on Quality of Life in Men with COPD (N=874)

Variables	Non standardized regression coefficient		Standardized β	t	p
Variables	β	SE	Standardized β	t	p
(Constant)	.83	.15		5.44	<.001
Age	-.00	.00	-.16	-4.49	<.001
Educational level	.02	.01	.09	2.64	.009
Income status	.02	.01	.10	2.93	.003
FEV₁ P	.00	.00	.12	3.71	<.001
Smoking	.01	.01	.02	0.90	.369
Height	.00	.00	.00	0.02	.986
Weight	.00	.00	.06	1.61	.109
	R²=.109

Table 5

Association Factors on Quality of Life in Women with COPD (N=344)

Variables	Non standardized regression coefficient		Standardized β	t	p
Variables	β	SE	Standardized β	t	p
(Constant)	.95	.27		3.51	.001
Age	-.00	.00	-.31	-4.90	<.001
Educational level	.03	.03	.06	1.11	.269
Income status	.00	.02	.01	0.32	.746
FEV₁ P	-.00	.00	-.00	-0.07	.947
Smoking	-.02	.02	-.05	-1.10	.271
Height	.00	.00	.07	1.12	.263
Weight	-.00	.00	-.09	-1.57	.118
	R²=.152

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