Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Original Articles

A Structural Equation Model on Health Status in Delivery Workers: Based on the Theory of Salutogenesis: Min Ji Kim, Eun Suk Choi; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(3):228-239. Published online September 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2023.00171

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to develop and test a structural equation model on health status of delivery workers. The conceptual model was based on the theory of salutogenesis.
Methods
Data were collected from 262 delivery workers working in D and K cities from August 2 to August 27, 2021. The structural equation model was used to assess the relationships among the variables. The model comprised three exogenous variables (working environment, social support, health promotion activities) and two endogenous variables (sense of coherence, health status). The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 22.0.
Results
The hypothetical model showed a good fit to the data: χ²/df=2.38, TLI=.91, CFI=.93, SRMR=.08, RMSEA=.07. Out of 10 research hypotheses, 10 were supported, and explained 62.3% of the variance in the health status of delivery workers. The model confirmed that sense of coherence was the most important factor. Health status is directly affected by working environment, social support, and health promotion activities. Health status is indirectly affected by working environment, social support, and health promotion activities through mediation of sense of coherence.
Conclusion
The theory of salutogenesis is adequate to use for developing health promotion programs for delivery workers. There is a need to develop a customized program to increase health status of delivery workers by enhancing sense of coherence.

The Effects of Emotional Labor and Workplace Violence on the Somatic Symptoms of Customer Service Employees in Department Stores: Bongsoon Ryu, Bo Hyun Park; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(1):61-71. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2022.00339

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was aimed to explore the effects of emotional labor and workplace violence on the somatic symptoms of customer service employees in department stores. Methods: Data from a total of 218 subjects were collected from July 21, 2021 to August 10, 2021, using a self-report questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, X2-test, and logistic regression. Results: Among 4 sub-scales of workplace violence, a factor affecting the possibility of the moderate or high severity of somatic symptoms was found to be a risk group in "Experience of psychological and sexual violence from customer” (OR: 2.94). On the other hand, emotional labor did not show a statistically significant effect. In addition, education level, monthly income, subjective health status, and working hours per week were also factors affecting somatic symptoms.
Conclusion
In order to reduce the somatic symptoms of customer service employees in department stores, it is necessary to raise the awareness of employers and customers first, and follow-up research is necessary on the development of strategy and systems for the establishment of active and diverse protective devices to protect workers at the organizational level.

Perceived Discrimination and Workplace Violence among School Health Teachers: Relationship with School Organizational Climate: Joohee Kim, Young Ko; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(4):432-445. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.4.432

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of the school organizational climate with perceived discrimination and the workplace violence among school health teachers. Methods: The research design was a cross-sectional study. The subjects of the study were 350 school health teachers with more than one year of teaching experience. Data were collected online using a questionnaire. Research variables are general characteristics, organizational climate, perceived discrimination, and workplace violence. The relationship between organizational climate and perceived discrimination and the relationship between organizational climate and workplace violence were analyzed using regression analysis. Results: The score for organizational climate of health teachers was 3.10 out of 5 points, the score for perceived discrimination was 2.85 out of 5 points, and the experience rate of workplace violence was 16.9%. School organizational climate was related to both workplace violence and perceived discrimination. The subcomponents of organizational climate affecting perceived discrimination of health teachers were interrelationship and the level of compensation. The subcomponents of organizational climate affecting workplace violence of health teachers were interrelationship and autonomy. Conclusion: The improvement of the school's organizational climate can reduce the level of workplace violence and discrimination against health teachers. It is important to establish an appropriate evaluation system for health teachers and to recognize the role and expertise of health teachers. In addition, it is necessary for school administraters to actively support health teahcers and to create an organizational climate where they can be friendly and communicative.

Effectiveness of a Workplace Walking Program Using a Fitness Tracker Including Individual Counseling and Tailored Text Messaging: Mi Ra Jung, Yeong Mi Ha; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(3):257-270. Published online September 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.3.257

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study is designed as a non-equivalent, control group pre/post-test for identifying effectiveness of a workplace walking program using a fitness tracker including individual counseling and tailored text messaging.
METHODS
Seventy-nine employees from two large companies were allocated into an intervention group (n=39) and a control group (n=40). Participants were asked to wear a fitness tracker (Fitbit Charger HR) during 24-hour, 5-days per week, for 10 weeks. The intervention group was provided with daily walking steps measured by Fitbit, weekly counseling with a specifically designed workbook, and seven weekly text messaging, and the control group with the fitness tracker only.
RESULTS
At the week 10 measurement, there were significant differences between the intervention and control groups in physical activity self-efficacy (p<.001), physical activity behavior (p<.001), daily walking steps (p<.001), systolic blood pressure (p=.033), and wellness (p<.001).
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the workplace walking program using a fitness tracker including individual counseling and tailored text messaging is more effective for persons with 10,000 steps/day. Therefore, it is recommended to actively apply this workplace walking program to inactive employees for encouraging regular physical activities and improving their wellness.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

mHealth Interventions to Promote Physical Activity of Adults in Korea: Health Equity-Focused Systematic Review
Hana Kim, Jisan Lee
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(Suppl 1): S1. CrossRef
The Effectiveness of a mHealth Program Using Wearable Devices and Health Coaching among Bus Drivers for Promoting Physical Activity
Yeongmi Ha, Sang-Ho Lee, Suyeon Lee, Yeojoo Chae
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2022; 33(3): 332. CrossRef
Effectiveness of a Mobile Wellness Program for Nurses with Rotating Shifts during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Cluster-Randomized Trial
Yeongmi Ha, Sang-Ho Lee, Dong-Ha Lee, Young-Hun Kang, Woonjoo Choi, Jinung An
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(2): 1014. CrossRef

Comparison of Working Conditions among Non-regular Visiting Nurses in Public Health Centers based on Their Employment Types: Hee Girl Kim, Ryoun Sook Lee, Soong Nang Jang, Kwang Byung Kim, Young Ran Chin; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2018;29(3):267-278. Published online September 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.3.267

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study is to investigate working conditions including job stress among visiting nurses in public health centers in Korea.
METHODS
An social network based mobile survey was conducted in May 2017 (N=936, response rate: 47.0%).
RESULTS
The visiting nurses in this study had their average total career as a nurse is 13.7 years. The 68.3% of them were employed in an indefinite term, 17.0% were hired in a fixed term, and 11.0% came from outsourcing. They responded as high job-stress level including inadequate compensation (71.22/100) and job demands (71.91/100). They experienced down-talk (63.4%), swearwords (32.9%), being made a dirty face (39.9%), sexual jokes (30.8%), or being likened or evaluated with their appearance sexually (14.3%). Among the causes of job related conflicts and discrimination, deprived salary level was the most frequent reason (83.4%). The conflicts and discrimination were incurred by government officers (52.4%). There were no significant differences in overall job stress, emotional labor, organizational commitment, violence, and discrimination experience based on their employment types.
CONCLUSION
The differences in working conditions among the non-regular nurses were trivial, and their overall working conditions were poor. It is necessary to improve non-regular nurses' working conditions in order to make up the limitations of the Korean healthcare system which is centered on hospitals.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Classifying Studies on Workplace Violence for Visiting Nurses Using the Social-Ecological Model: A Scoping Review
Eunjoo Kim, Juna Lee
Journal of Community Health Nursing.2024; 41(2): 96. CrossRef
Development of Service Experience Evaluation Tool for Visiting Nurses of Public Health Center in Korea
Jiwon Kim
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(2): 121. CrossRef
Contract Employment Experiences of Visiting Nurses at Public Health Centers in the Metropolitan Area: Focused on Employment Type and Treatment
Hee-Gerl Kim, Soong-Nang Jang, Young Ran Chin, Jungyi Hur, Ryoun-Sook Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2022; 33(2): 175. CrossRef
Nursing Students' Practice Experience on Community Visiting Nursing
Jae-Hyun Ha, Jeong-Hee Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2020; 31(1): 43. CrossRef
Emotional Labor, Job Stress and Professional Quality of Life of Public Health Nurses according to the Employment Type
Kyung Sook Cho, Yunmi Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2019; 25(5): 467. CrossRef

Effects of Working Environment and Socioeconomic Status on Health Status in Elderly Workers: A Comparison with Non-Elderly Workers: Bok Im Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2017;28(4):472-481. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.4.472

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study were to compare working condition, socioeconomic status, and health status between elderly and non-elderly workers and to examine the influencing factors of health status according to age groups.
METHODS
This study is a secondary analysis of data extracted from the 2014 Korean Working Conditions Survey. For the present analysis, 15,980 elderly workers over the age of 55 and 32,037 non-elderly workers under the age of 55 were selected.
RESULTS
The prevalence of subjective unhealthy status and poor mental health were significantly higher among the elderly workers than the non-elderly workers. The elderly workers were more likely to have lower level of education and income than the non-elderly workers. They also reported less support from colleagues and managers, however, have more decision authority. Among the elderly workers, long working hours, awkward posture, physical environmental risks, quantitative demand, decision authority, social support, age discrimination, education level, and income level were significant predictors of subjective health status or mental health.
CONCLUSION
For keeping elderly workers healthy and productive, work environment needs to become more age-friendly. An age-friendly workplace may include: accommodative support, workers' participation, minimization of environment risk, etc.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Grounds for Post Retirement Jobs and Elderly Health
Dr. Kavitha Vrs, Suryara Pbha K.
Journal of Nursing Research,Patient Safety and Practise.2023; (31): 1. CrossRef
Working Poverty and Health Disparities in Korean Workers
Jin-Hwa Lee, Bokim Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2020; 31(4): 514. CrossRef
Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of Working Cancer Survivors: Based on the 6th and 7th (2014, 2016, 2018) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)
Jahyun Choi, Sanghee Kim
Asian Oncology Nursing.2020; 20(4): 171. CrossRef
The Comparison of Health Status and Health Behavior among Hypertension Group, DM Group, and Hypertension DM Group for the Aged Provided with Customized Home Care Service by Visiting Nurses
Hee Kyoung Hyoung, Hyo-Soon Jang
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(1): 11. CrossRef

The Association between Psychosocial Work Environment and Depressive Symptoms among Korean Teachers: Eun Suk Choi, Min Jung Kwon, Hae Joon Lee, Gyo Young Cho; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2017;28(4):463-471. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.4.463

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study aimed to identify the association between psychosocial work environment and depressive symptoms among Korean teachers.
METHODS
Data on 235 elementary school teachers and 341 middle and high school teachers was obtained from the 2014 Korean Working Condition Survey. The effect of psychosocial work environment on depressive symptoms was determined by multiple logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 18 % in elementary school teachers and 24 % in middle and high school teachers. When adjusted for demographics and other socio-psychological and environmental factors, â€˜social community at workâ€™ served as a protection factor for Korean teachers' depressive symptoms. In addition, â€˜cognitive demandsâ€™ in elementary school teachers and â€˜social support from supervisorsâ€™ in middle and high school teachers were found to be predictors of depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Interventions to increase â€˜social community at workâ€™ and â€˜social support from supervisorsâ€™, and to decrease â€˜cognitive demandsâ€™ may be helpful for Korean teachers at risk of depression.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Racial equity and inclusion in United States of America-based environmental education organizations: a critical examination of priorities and practices in the work environment
Valeria Fike Romero, Jedda Foreman, Craig Strang, Laura Rodriguez, Rena Payan, Kim Moore Bailey, Sarah Olsen
Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education.2022; 25(1): 91. CrossRef
The Effects of Work Characteristics Related to Work–Life Imbalance on Presenteeism among Female Workers in the Health and Social Work Sectors: Mediation Analysis of Psychological and Physical Health Problems
Jee-Hyun Hwang, Hye-Sun Jung
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(12): 6218. CrossRef
Relationship between simultaneous exposure to ergonomic risk factors and work-related lower back pain: a cross-sectional study based on the fourth Korean working conditions survey
Jae-Yeop Kim, Ji-Su Shin, Myeong-Seob Lim, Hyeon-Gyeong Choi, Sung-Kyeong Kim, Hee-Tae Kang, Sang-Baek Koh, Sung-Soo Oh
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

Conditions of Workplace Violence Experience among Workers in the Distribution Industry: Souk Young Kim, Soon Nyung Yun; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2012;23(2):212-221. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.0000/jkachn.2012.23.2.212

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to explore violence experienced by workers in the distribution industry.
METHODS
The research subjects were 236 workers from 2 department stores and 1 large scale discount store located in Daejeon City, Korea. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, chi2-test, and logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
72.9% of the research subjects experienced verbal violence, and 9.3% of the respondents experienced physical violence during last year. 17.8% of the respondents reported that they had experience of sexual harassment at their workplaces. The variables which affected verbal violence included working departments and stress level, whereas the variable that affected physical violence was educational level of workers. The variables that affected experience of sexual harassment turned out to be gender as well as the duration of work at the current workplaces.
CONCLUSION
The findings from this research revealed that many of the workers engaged in the distribution industry were exposed to workplace violence. For the reduction of risk of workplace violence for these workers, it is required to develop and execute programs including violence related policies and education about workplace violence.

Factors Influencing Hotel Workers' Health Practices: In Sook Rhie; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2009;20(4):503-512. Published online December 31, 2009

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to investigate the factors influencing hotel workers' health practice.
METHODS
This study was based on the partial PRECEDE model. The subjects of this study were 261 servers sampled at random from a hotel located in Seoul. For the statistical analysis of collected data, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression were performed with the SAS (Version. 8.01) program.
RESULTS
There were statistically significant primary factors influencing different parts of health practice. That is, regular exercise was influenced by gender, age and marital status, diet habit was by marital status, and type of working, prohibition of smoking was by gender, age and type of employment, and drinking by gender and job stress.
CONCLUSION
This study has a limitation in generalized application to hotels in this country because it is a cross-sectional examination about the factors affecting health practice in the employees of a hotel. Further study is needed with various and broad variables that promote health practice and contributed to the development of health promotion programs.

Health Status, Healthy Behavior, and Health Promotion Program Needs of Industrial Male Workers according to Shift Work at an Workplace: Seoung Sook Hwang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2006;17(2):210-222. Published online June 30, 2006

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A Survey of Workplace Health Promotion Activities and their Health Promotion Program Need: Young Im Kim, Hea Sun Jung, So Young Lee, Soon Lae Kim, Souk Young Kim, Kang Jae Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2006;17(2):195-209. Published online June 30, 2006

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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