Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Original Articles

Influencing Factors for Work Engagement of COVID-19 Response Workers in Public Health Centers: Based on the Job Demands-Resources Model: Songran Park, Yeongmi Ha; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2024;35(1):64-75. Published online March 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2023.00346

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to identify the influencing factors for work engagement of COVID-19 response workers in public health centers based on the JD-R model.
Methods
The participants were 119 civil servants and professionals of 20 public health centers with at least 6 months of work experience and have experience of COVID-19 response tasks in cities, districts and counties. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression using IBM SPSS 27.0.
Results
The factors influencing work engagement were age, career development opportunity, and person-job fit. The explanatory power of these variables was 61%.
Conclusion
In order to enhance the work engagement of public health center workers in responding to future infectious disease outbreaks, it is necessary to develop various strategies such as assigning job roles that aligned with individual characteristics, providing career growth opportunities even during infectious disease outbreaks, and designing tasks by taking into account age.

Factors affecting cultural adaptation stress by gender among multicultural adolescents in Korea: Seungwoo Han; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(4):320-331. Published online December 29, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2023.00276

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This paper is a descriptive survey research to identify factors that affect acculturation stress in multicultural adolescents, and provide basic information that can be used to develop ways to improve their mental health.
Methods
This study used the data of the 2nd multicultural adolescents panel study provided on December 30, 2022 by the National Youth Policy Institute. The subjects of this study were 1,520 multicultural adolescents in the fourth grade of elementary school and the survey period was from July to November 2020. The dependent variable was acculturation stress, and the explanatory variables were as follows: mother’s and father’s country of origin, region size, home economic conditions, academic achievement, experience of discrimination, mother’s level of education, father’s level of education, and number of close friends. Data analysis involved calculation of descriptive statistics, analysis of differences in the level of acculturative stress and general characteristics between male and female adolescents, and multiple regression analysis.
Results
This study found that there are gender differences in significant influencing factors for acculturation stress among multicultural adolescents. For males, factors influencing acculturation stress were identified as regional size, mother's education level, parental support, and teacher support. For females, they were regional size, experience of discrimination, number of close friends, parental support, and self-esteem.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that psychiatric nurses should provide psychiatric nursing and counseling to multicultural adolescents in addition to clinical psychiatric nursing. Various mental health programs should be developed for multicultural adolescents, with a focus on counseling, education, and family therapy.

School Nurses’ Perception of Job Performance Difficulties, Job Stress, Job Identity and Job Satisfaction: Eun Kyo Cho, Hyun Jung Moon; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(1):43-51. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2023.00010

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
To examine school nurses' perception of job performance difficulties, stress, identity, and satisfaction, and to identify the factors that affect job satisfaction. Methods: Data were collected through online survey questionnaires distributed to 189 regular school nurses working in Metropolitan I. The self-report questionnaire consisted of three instruments and demographic questions. The data were collected from June 29 to July 31, 2020, and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression statistical techniques. Results: Perception of job performance difficulties showed a significant positive correlation with job stress (r=.20. p=.007), job identity (r=-.55, p<.001) and job satisfaction (r=-.39, p<.001), and each showed a negative correlation. Job stress showed a negative correlation with job satisfaction (r=-.65, p<.001), and job satisfaction and job identity showed a positive correlation (r=.53, p<.001). Job stress (β=-.58, p<.001), job identity (β=.43, p<.001), school-level elementary school (β=.19, p<.001), and middle school (β=.13, p=.011) were found to have a significant effect on job satisfaction. Conclusion: As job stress, job identity, and school level are important factors influencing job satisfaction, interventions are needed to lower the job stress of school nurses and strengthen their job identity. In addition, since the job satisfaction of school nurses can have a great impact on the health and happiness of students as well as the quality of life of future generations, it is necessary to improve policies and systems to increase the job satisfaction of school nurses.

The Effects of Emotional Labor and Workplace Violence on the Somatic Symptoms of Customer Service Employees in Department Stores: Bongsoon Ryu, Bo Hyun Park; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(1):61-71. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2022.00339

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was aimed to explore the effects of emotional labor and workplace violence on the somatic symptoms of customer service employees in department stores. Methods: Data from a total of 218 subjects were collected from July 21, 2021 to August 10, 2021, using a self-report questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, X2-test, and logistic regression. Results: Among 4 sub-scales of workplace violence, a factor affecting the possibility of the moderate or high severity of somatic symptoms was found to be a risk group in "Experience of psychological and sexual violence from customer” (OR: 2.94). On the other hand, emotional labor did not show a statistically significant effect. In addition, education level, monthly income, subjective health status, and working hours per week were also factors affecting somatic symptoms.
Conclusion
In order to reduce the somatic symptoms of customer service employees in department stores, it is necessary to raise the awareness of employers and customers first, and follow-up research is necessary on the development of strategy and systems for the establishment of active and diverse protective devices to protect workers at the organizational level.

The Mediating Effect of Acceptance Action in the Relationship between Diabetes Distress and Self-stigma among Old Adults with Diabetes in South Korea: Hye Sun Kim, Ka Woun Seo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(4):446-455. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.4.446

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Purpose
This study investigated the mediating effects of acceptance action on the relationship between diabetes distress and self-stigma in older adults with diabetes. Methods: A descriptive research approach was adopted using 187 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus by an endocrinology doctor. The data were collected from 26 to 31 March, 2020 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: The mean scores for diabetes distress, self-stigma, and acceptance action were 2.98±0.64, 2.54±0.74, and 4.16±0.35, respectively. Acceptance action partially mediated the relationship between diabetes distress and self-stigma (z=1.98, p=.024), with an explanatory power of 51.0%. Conclusion: To reduce diabetes self-stigma among old adults in diabetes distress situations, it is necessary to improve their acceptance action and develop step-by-step differentiated acceptance action enhancement programs through multidisciplinary collaborations.

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Citations to this article as recorded by

The relationship between stigma and psychological distress among people with diabetes: a meta-analysis
Xiajun Guo, Sijia Wu, Haishan Tang, Yuanyuan Li, Wanglin Dong, Guangli Lu, Shuang Liang, Chaoran Chen
BMC Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

The Effect of Stress and Anxiety Caused by COVID-19 on the Quality of Life of Small Business Owners in an Area: Hae Ok Kim, Hyoen Jeong Kim, Hye Ji Jo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(3):279-289. Published online September 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.3.279

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Purpose
This is a descriptive correlation study to confirm the effect of stress and anxiety caused by COVID-19 on the quality of life of small business owners in an area under environment of COVID-19. Methods: The participants were 150 small business owners in an area. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, a one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with the SPSS 25.0 Program. Results: The stress of small business owners averaged 3.67±0.65 out of 4 points, anxiety of COVID-19 was 2.65±0.52, and quality of life was 75.61±20.26 out of 130 points. The quality of life showed a significant negative correlation with ‘fear of infection’ (r=-.42, p<.001), ‘difficulties caused by social distancing’ (r=-.49, p<.001) in the stress subdomain, and anxiety (r=-.61, p<.001). On the other hand, stress, ‘fear of infection’ (r=.50, p<.001), ‘difficulties caused by social distancing’ (r=.60 p<.001), ‘anger against others’ (r=.35, p<.001) and anxiety showed positive correlation. Factors affecting the quality of life of the subjects were ‘fear of infection’ in the stress subdomain (β=-.23, p=.003), anxiety (β=-.45, p<.001), and residential area (J zone) (β=-.16, p=.030). These factors explained 47.0% of the variance. Conclusion: In order to enhance the quality of life of small business owners in an area, it is required to reduce stress and anxiety. In addition, it is necessary to prepare an intervention program that can reduce stress and anxiety of small business owners.

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Mediating effect of social support between COVID-19 stress on the mental health of older adults using customized care services: A cross-sectional study
Yujin Suh, YoungSun Park, Eun-Kyoung Han
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2023; 25(4): 410. CrossRef

The Mediating Effects of Health Concern and Depression in the Relation between Self-quarantined People’s COVID-19 Stress and Fatigue: Sun Hwa Shin, Eun Hye Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(1):43-52. Published online March 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.1.43

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was to investigate the mediating effects of health concern and depression on the stress and fatigue of COVID-19 self-quarantine.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 227 people with COVID-19 self-quarantine experience were recruited during May 2021. Participants were invited to complete self-reported questionnaires that measure stress, health concern, depression, fatigue and demographic information. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression and dual mediation model applying the PROCESS macro with 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval.
Results
This study analyzed the direct effects of COVID-19 stress on the health concern, depression and fatigue. And COVID-19 stress had indirect effects on their fatigue via health concern and depression. Both health concern and depression had dual mediating effects in the influence of COVID-19 stress on fatigue. In the relationship between COVID-19 stress and fatigue, the mediating effect of depression was significant.
Conclusion
Fatigue due to prolonged COVID-19 can be alleviated by managing stress and mediating health concern and depression, and so therefore active nursing intervention is required.

Factors Influencing the Wellness of Call Center Employees: Yeon Ju Kim, Gwang Suk Kim, You Lim Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(1):128-138. Published online March 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.1.128

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the wellness of call center employees.
Methods
From December 2018 to October 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 155 workers recruited from the call centers in Seoul, South Korea. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaires were used to measure the following scales: Korean occupational stress scale, emotional labor scale, work-life balance scale and wellness scale. Using the SPSS 26.0 program, the descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted.
Results
The mean score of the wellness level of call center employees was 3.05 out of a maximum of 5.00. More wellness level of call center employees was associated with gender, psychiatric diagnosis, and call characteristics. A multiple regression analysis indicated that the total scores on the wellness scale were predicted by call characteristics, occupational stress and work-life balance, with an explanatory power of 42.2%.
Conclusion
Study findings show that it is necessary to promote wellness in call center workers with differentiated strategies according to call characteristics, occupational stress and work-life balance. This implies that it is necessary to understand the call characteristics and patterns of workers and to provide an innovative wellness program tailored to individual characteristics for an effective management of the emotional labor and occupational stress.

The Association between Social Support and Health Behaviors for Metabolic Syndrome Prevention among University Students: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Stress: Soo Yeon Park, Su Ah Cho, Eugene Lee, Sung Chul Choi, Jin A Choo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2021;32(3):404-414. Published online September 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2021.32.3.404

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Health behaviors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevention should be emphasized from early adulthood. There is little information on psychosocial factors associated with health behaviors for MetS prevention. The aim of this study was to determine whether there would be a mediating effect of perceived stress on the association between social support and health behaviors for MetS prevention among university students.
Methods
This cross-sectional and correlation study was conducted with 502 university students in South Korea. Social support, perceived stress, and lifestyle evaluation for metabolic syndrome scales were used. Online questionnaire survey was conducted between November and December 2019. The mediating effect of social support on health behaviors for MetS prevention was analyzed using PROCESS macro program with bootstrapping method to test our hypotheses.
Results
Social support directly influenced perceived stress (β=-.35, p<.001) and health behaviors for MetS prevention (β=.14, p=.002). Health behaviors for MetS prevention was indirectly influenced by perceived stress (β=-.25, p<.001). The size of indirect effect of social support on health behaviors for MetS prevention was 0.06.
Conclusions
The association of social support and health behaviors for MetS prevention was partially mediated by perceived stress among university students. Therefore, a university-based nursing intervention should comprise social support strategies with stress management to promote health behaviors for MetS prevention.

Citations

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Factors Associated with Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome Among Middle-Aged Postmenopausal Korean Women: A Study Based on the Information, Motivation, Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model
Yoonjung Kim, Sooyeon Park
Patient Preference and Adherence.2023; Volume 17: 2279. CrossRef
Causal model of health literacy in dietary supplement use and sufficient health behavior among working-age adults
Ungsinun Intarakamhang, Pitchada Prasittichok
Heliyon.2022; 8(11): e11535. CrossRef

The Mediating Effect of Perceived Appraisal Support on the Relationship between Neuroticism and Occupational Stress in Firefighters: Yoon Jung Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2021;32(3):396-403. Published online September 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2021.32.3.396

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of perceived appraisal support between neuroticism and occupational stress in firefighters.
Methods
The subjects of this study were 156 firefighters who worked at three fire stations in G province in Korea. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis using Baron and Kenny’s method for mediation.
Results
There were significant relationships between neuroticism and perceived appraisal support (r=.30, p<.001), neuroticism and occupational stress (r=.42, p<.001), and perceived appraisal support and occupational stress (r=.36, p<.001). Perceived appraisal support showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between neuroticism and occupational stress.
Conclusion
The impact of neuroticism in firefighters was mediated by perceived appraisal support for occupational stress. This suggests that strategies for enhancing perceived appraisal support in fire fighters should be considered when developing neuroticism management interventions for decreasing their occupational stress.

A Grounded Theory Approach on Correctional Officers’ Adaptation Process of Job Stress: Hyun Ok Jung, Hee Sook Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2021;32(1):73-85. Published online March 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2021.32.1.73

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the adaptation process of correctional officers’ job stress.
Methods
Participants collected were fourteen officers who had experienced the adaptation process of job stress. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews until the point of theoretical saturation from May to August, 2017. Transcribed interview contents were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’ grounded theory method.
Results
A total of 98 concepts, 27 subcategories, and 10 categories were identified through the open coding. As a result of axial coding based on the paradigm model, the job stress adaptation process centering phenomenon of correctional officers was revealed as ‘repeat-mark hardening’, and the core category was extracted as ‘endurance in hardening’ consisting of a three-step process: enduring, understanding prisoner management procedures, and rebuilding. The rebuilding was considered as the key phase to escape the repeat-mark hardening and the participants utilized various strategies such as finding fun elsewhere, restoring confidence, accepting values of the prison officer in this phase.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the adaptation process of correctional officers’ job stress can be a process that endurance the hardening. Therefore, it is necessary to develop systematic practical education and vocational motivation programs.

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Psychological Experience of Correctional Officers’ Treatment of Mentally Ill Prisoners: Phenomenological Study
Hyun-Ok Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(4): 450. CrossRef
The Effect of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Korean Correctional Officers about COVID-19 on Job Stress
Hyun-Ok Jung, Seung-Woo Han
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(15): 7779. CrossRef

Development and Effect of the Integrated Health Promotion Program for Cancer Survivors Living at Home: Hee Sang Yoon, Eun A Hwang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2021;32(1):51-63. Published online March 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2021.32.1.51

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Purpose
This study aimed to develop an integrated health promotion program for cancer survivors residing in the community based on the shared care model, and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: A quasi-experimental trial was conducted. The participants consisted of 35 cancer survivors with completed intensive cancer therapy at the cancer hospital. The intervention group (n=20) and the control group (n=15) were recruited from among a district home cancer patient registrations. The intervention group participated in an integrated health promotion program based on the MAPP (Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnership) development process. The program consisted of physical, psycho-social and body image units. The participants were assessed before the program, and immediately after the program. Data were collected between July 1 and September 2, 2018 using FACT-G quality of life (QOL), distress thermometer (DT), and resilience. The data were analyzed by performing a x ² test, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney test, and ranked ANCOVA using SPSS. Results: The intervention group reported a higher QOL overall and significantly higher social/family well-being than the control group. Distress was significantly lower in intervention group than in the control group. Resilience had no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the integrated health promotion program base on the shared care model and MAPP development process could be effective intervention for improving social/family well-being and the QOL, and reducing distress of cancer survivors at home. Community health center nurses need to provide intervention to support self-care competency for cancer survivors’ comprehensive care with physical, psycho-social, and body image to help them adjust their life to a moderate risk group in the community.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Distress among Korean Cancer Survivors: A Latent Profile Analysis
Kwang-Hi Park, Min Kyung Song
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(3): 1613. CrossRef
Introduction to methodology for the development of an integrative medical service model
Moon Joo Cheong, Myeung Su Lee, Min Cheol Joo, Sang-Yeol Lee, Jung-Han Lee, Jong-Min Yun, Yeonseok Kang, Myeong Soo Lee, Hyung Won Kang
Integrative Medicine Research.2022; 11(2): 100840. CrossRef
Community-Based Oncology Nursing: Status and Prospects
Jeong Sook Park
Asian Oncology Nursing.2022; 22(4): 203. CrossRef

The Mediating Effect of Sleep Quality in the Relationship between Academic Stress and Social Network Service Addiction Tendency among Adolescents: Eun Sook Bae, Hye Seung Kang, Ha Na Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020;31(3):290-299. Published online September 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.3.290

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of sleep quality in the relationship between academic stress and social network service (SNS) addiction tendency among adolescents.
Methods
The participants were composed of 204 high school students who were enrolled at private schools in Incheon metropolitan city. Data were collected from August 16 to September 10, 2019. The collected data were analyzed using a regression analysis, and SPSS Process Macro was used to test the mediating effect. Results: The direct effect of academic stress on SNS addiction tendency and the indirect effect of academic stress mediated with sleep quality about SNS addiction tendency were statistically significant.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that positive intervention for academic stress and effective intervention program enhancing sleep quality should be provided for adolescents in order to prevent SNS addiction.

Citations

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Electronic Media Use and Sleep Quality: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Xiaoning Han, Enze Zhou, Dong Liu
Journal of Medical Internet Research.2024; 26: e48356. CrossRef
Changes in Sleep Satisfaction of Korean Adolescents in the Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Eras and Its Effects on Health Behaviors
Dahyeon Lee, Kang-Sook Lee, Sejin Kim, Woohyun Chung, Jeung Jegal, Hyeonjung Han
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(3): 1702. CrossRef
The COVID-19 related stress and social network addiction among Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model
Ziao Hu, Yangli Zhu, Jun Li, Jiafu Liu, Maozheng Fu, Alejandro Vega-Muñoz
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(8): e0290577. CrossRef

Mediating Effects of Acculturative Stress in the Relationship between Satisfaction with Life, Career Identity and Depression among Vietnamese Students: Eun Sook Bae, Hye Seung Kang, So Young Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020;31(1):76-85. Published online March 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.1.76

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of acculturative stress on the impact of satisfaction with life and career identity on depression among the Vietnamese students enrolled in a language course in Korea.
Methods
A questionnaire survey was conducted to get answers of 225 Vietnamese students enrolled in the language course in a college in Busan. Data were collected from November to December 2018. The Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients and path analysis using SPSS/WIN 20.0 and Amos 18.0 program.
Results
Acculturative stress was affected by satisfaction with life (β=−.43, p<.001) and career identity (β=−.45, p<.001). Furthermore, depression was affected by acculturative stress (β=.49, p<.001) and career identity (β=−.25, p<.001), but depression was not affected by the satisfaction with life (β=−.15, p=.029). The mediating effect of acculturative stress between two exogenous variables(satisfaction with life and career identity) and depression was proved.
Conclusion
The result of this study suggests that it is necessary to develop an intervention program to reduce the acculturative stress and depression of Vietnamese students enrolled in the language course.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Intercultural sensitivity as a mediator in the relationship between implicit intercultural identification and emotional disturbance—An exploratory study of international high school students
Jiayin He, Xiaoqi Song, Chanyu Wang, Ruibin Zhang
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Affecting Health-Promoting Behaviors among Vietnamese Students in Korea
Tran Thi Quynh Anh, Minkyung Kang, Nahyun Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2021; 33(4): 349. CrossRef

Mediating Effects of Emotional Venting via Instant Messaging (IM) and Positive Emotion in the Relationship between Negative Emotion and Depression: Han Na Lee, Soon Tae An; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(4):571-580. Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.4.571

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effects of emotional venting via instant messaging (IM) and positive emotion in the relationship between negative emotion and depression.
METHODS
Online survey was conducted in Korea between 2 April and 7 April 2019. To obtain samples with representativeness, data were gathered by the professional research firm. A total of 250 Koreans were participated in this study. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and SPSS PROCESS macro to test the mediating effects.
RESULTS
This study analyzed the direct/indirect effects of negative emotion on emotional venting via IM, in the relationship between positive emotion and depression. Negative emotion had indirect effects on depression through emotional venting via IM and positive emotion. Both emotional venting via IM and positive emotion had dual mediating effects in the influence of negative emotion on depression.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that it is important to manage negative emotion to prevent depression. Also, this study confirmed that emotional venting via IM is a powerful factor influencing emotional recovery.

Citations

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An Exploratory Study on How and Why Young and Middle-aged Adults Disclose Depressive Feelings to Others: Focusing on the Influence of Perception of Social Norms
Soontae An, Hannah Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(1): 12. CrossRef
A Longitudinal Change Patterns of Depression and Its Relationship with Socioeconomic Deprivation among Middle-Aged Adults in South Korea
Soo-Bi Lee, Min-Ji Yu, Myeong-Sook Yoon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(24): 12957. CrossRef
Perceived Benefits of and Barriers to Disclosure of Depressive Feelings: An Exploratory Study Using Semantic Network Analysis
Hannah Lee, Soontae An
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(6): 571. CrossRef

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